{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2050203757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2014.2327103","title":"Real-Time Emulator for Reproducing Graded Potentials in Vertebrate Retina","display_name":"Real-Time Emulator for Reproducing Graded Potentials in Vertebrate Retina","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2050203757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2014.2327103","mag":"2050203757","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25134087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2014.2327103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2014.2327103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103440526","display_name":"Hirotsugu Okuno","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hirotsugu Okuno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka University, Suita, Japan","Osaka University,Suita,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University, Suita, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University,Suita,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040913051","display_name":"Jun Hasegawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0489-6065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Hasegawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka University, Suita, Japan","Osaka University,Suita,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University, Suita, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University,Suita,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011392374","display_name":"Tadashi Sanada","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadashi Sanada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka University, Suita, Japan","Osaka University,Suita,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University, Suita, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University,Suita,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101666642","display_name":"T. Yagi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-092X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tetsuya Yagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka University, Suita, Japan","Osaka University,Suita,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University, Suita, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University,Suita,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0359,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80063053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"284","last_page":"295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retina","display_name":"Retina","score":0.6896870136260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6007317304611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-neural-network","display_name":"Biological neural network","score":0.5762178301811218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-touchscreen","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","score":0.5263510942459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.4936262369155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4773333668708801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46467241644859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gate-array","display_name":"Gate array","score":0.4269251227378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogue-electronics","display_name":"Analogue electronics","score":0.42649465799331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-computer","display_name":"Analog computer","score":0.42489105463027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.42054682970046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.41281354427337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-neural-network","display_name":"Cellular neural network","score":0.41178685426712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4108527898788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.36762404441833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.353094220161438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.3441796898841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.25926536321640015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2565916180610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1527065932750702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.14497238397598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10445711016654968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.6896870136260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6007317304611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118403218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43283","display_name":"Biological neural network","level":2,"score":0.5762178301811218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.5263510942459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.4936262369155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4773333668708801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46467241644859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114237110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114901","display_name":"Gate array","level":3,"score":0.4269251227378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29074008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174925","display_name":"Analogue electronics","level":3,"score":0.42649465799331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90915687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63759","display_name":"Analog computer","level":2,"score":0.42489105463027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.42054682970046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.41281354427337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C812465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5058375","display_name":"Cellular neural network","level":3,"score":0.41178685426712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4108527898788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.36762404441833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.353094220161438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3441796898841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.25926536321640015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2565916180610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1527065932750702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.14497238397598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10445711016654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008564","descriptor_name":"Membrane Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008564","descriptor_name":"Membrane Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008564","descriptor_name":"Membrane Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014714","descriptor_name":"Vertebrates","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014714","descriptor_name":"Vertebrates","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014714","descriptor_name":"Vertebrates","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2014.2327103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2014.2327103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25134087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25134087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5501161106","display_name":"Real-time phosphene simulation for assessment of artificial vision that uses cortical stimulation","funder_award_id":"24650314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1044930","https://openalex.org/W1562421058","https://openalex.org/W1910331461","https://openalex.org/W1964251849","https://openalex.org/W1975801482","https://openalex.org/W1983113602","https://openalex.org/W1992818546","https://openalex.org/W1999352990","https://openalex.org/W2000968704","https://openalex.org/W2001551561","https://openalex.org/W2009581014","https://openalex.org/W2011629697","https://openalex.org/W2011860702","https://openalex.org/W2016574277","https://openalex.org/W2018904782","https://openalex.org/W2039922176","https://openalex.org/W2042467131","https://openalex.org/W2049989540","https://openalex.org/W2073566593","https://openalex.org/W2077424228","https://openalex.org/W2088351844","https://openalex.org/W2095725009","https://openalex.org/W2097284115","https://openalex.org/W2104228780","https://openalex.org/W2111214589","https://openalex.org/W2114744983","https://openalex.org/W2118185323","https://openalex.org/W2119808983","https://openalex.org/W2120711457","https://openalex.org/W2120954406","https://openalex.org/W2137609251","https://openalex.org/W2139126543","https://openalex.org/W2141418586","https://openalex.org/W2141830847","https://openalex.org/W2146106467","https://openalex.org/W2148502287","https://openalex.org/W2151528375","https://openalex.org/W2154891463","https://openalex.org/W2154903146","https://openalex.org/W2163594386","https://openalex.org/W2163630896","https://openalex.org/W2164653071","https://openalex.org/W2170351739","https://openalex.org/W2171161859","https://openalex.org/W2177690825","https://openalex.org/W2328220423","https://openalex.org/W6600052425","https://openalex.org/W6680302763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3100919150","https://openalex.org/W3111330318","https://openalex.org/W2157642754","https://openalex.org/W2384009164","https://openalex.org/W2188991353","https://openalex.org/W1893843934","https://openalex.org/W2092473657","https://openalex.org/W2103641320","https://openalex.org/W3012455919","https://openalex.org/W2181833778"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,48],"most":[1],"parts":[2],"of":[3,30,40,66,85,97],"the":[4,27,37,61],"retina,":[5],"neuronal":[6,32],"circuits":[7,33],"process":[8],"visual":[9],"signals":[10],"represented":[11],"by":[12,90],"slowly":[13],"changing":[14],"membrane":[15],"potentials,":[16],"or":[17],"so-called":[18],"graded":[19,38,58],"potentials.":[20],"A":[21],"feasible":[22],"approach":[23],"to":[24,35,45,72],"speculate":[25],"about":[26],"functional":[28],"roles":[29],"retinal":[31,41,67],"is":[34],"reproduce":[36],"potentials":[39,59],"neurons":[42,86],"in":[43,70],"response":[44,71],"natural":[46,73],"scenes.":[47],"this":[49],"study,":[50],"we":[51],"developed":[52],"a":[53,75,91,102],"simulation":[54],"platform":[55],"for":[56],"reproducing":[57],"with":[60],"following":[62],"features:":[63],"real-time":[64],"reproduction":[65],"neural":[68,107],"activities":[69,108],"scenes,":[74],"configurable":[76],"model":[77],"structure,":[78],"and":[79,101,111],"compact":[80],"hardware.":[81],"The":[82,106],"spatio-temporal":[83],"properties":[84],"were":[87,114],"emulated":[88,115],"efficiently":[89],"mixed":[92],"analog-digital":[93],"architecture":[94],"that":[95],"consisted":[96],"analog":[98],"resistive":[99],"networks":[100],"field-programmable":[103],"gate":[104],"array.":[105],"on":[109],"sustained":[110],"transient":[112],"pathways":[113],"from":[116],"128":[117,119],"\u00d7":[118],"inputs":[120],"at":[121],"200":[122],"frames":[123],"per":[124],"second.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}