{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2246628270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2014.2300186","title":"A 1.33 <formula formulatype=\"inline\"><tex Notation=\"TeX\">$\\mu{\\rm W}$</tex></formula> 8.02-ENOB 100 kS/s Successive Approximation ADC With Supply Reduction Technique for Implantable Retinal Prosthesis","display_name":"A 1.33 <formula formulatype=\"inline\"><tex Notation=\"TeX\">$\\mu{\\rm W}$</tex></formula> 8.02-ENOB 100 kS/s Successive Approximation ADC With Supply Reduction Technique for Implantable Retinal Prosthesis","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2246628270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2014.2300186","mag":"2246628270","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25608284"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2014.2300186","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2014.2300186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102175018","display_name":"Howard Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Howard Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["VIRTUS, Division of Circuits and Systems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VIRTUS, Division of Circuits and Systems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028659828","display_name":"Zhuochao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4056-413X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Chao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["VIRTUS, Division of Circuits and Systems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VIRTUS, Division of Circuits and Systems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113712153","display_name":"Kin Wai Roy Chew","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kin Wai Roy Chew","raw_affiliation_strings":["VIRTUS, Division of Circuits and Systems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VIRTUS, Division of Circuits and Systems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062730461","display_name":"Liter Siek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-6497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liter Siek","raw_affiliation_strings":["VIRTUS, Division of Circuits and Systems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VIRTUS, Division of Circuits and Systems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8853,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68397489,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"844","last_page":"856"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-number-of-bits","display_name":"Effective number of bits","score":0.8553062677383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/successive-approximation-adc","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","score":0.71100252866745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5494489073753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-generator","display_name":"Clock generator","score":0.5267139077186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.49930429458618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4983205795288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.48338547348976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.46781182289123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash-adc","display_name":"Flash ADC","score":0.4126480221748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3985387980937958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.36030372977256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2585747241973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-reference","display_name":"Voltage reference","score":0.1962488293647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.14038342237472534}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16671190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505579","display_name":"Effective number of bits","level":3,"score":0.8553062677383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60154766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2650458","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","level":4,"score":0.71100252866745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5494489073753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2164847","display_name":"Clock generator","level":4,"score":0.5267139077186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.49930429458618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4983205795288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.48338547348976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.46781182289123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164862427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2744647","display_name":"Flash ADC","level":4,"score":0.4126480221748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3985387980937958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36030372977256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2585747241973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44351266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1465532","display_name":"Voltage reference","level":3,"score":0.1962488293647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.14038342237472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137059387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882","display_name":"Clock signal","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057488","descriptor_name":"Visual Prosthesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057488","descriptor_name":"Visual Prosthesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057488","descriptor_name":"Visual Prosthesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2014.2300186","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2014.2300186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25608284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25608284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966891744","https://openalex.org/W1977030506","https://openalex.org/W1978557849","https://openalex.org/W2003680253","https://openalex.org/W2009915325","https://openalex.org/W2010026176","https://openalex.org/W2013137287","https://openalex.org/W2021809076","https://openalex.org/W2046515116","https://openalex.org/W2078331201","https://openalex.org/W2079557092","https://openalex.org/W2082979872","https://openalex.org/W2096069978","https://openalex.org/W2099432139","https://openalex.org/W2101004723","https://openalex.org/W2105201072","https://openalex.org/W2105449183","https://openalex.org/W2108619270","https://openalex.org/W2119540583","https://openalex.org/W2121956244","https://openalex.org/W2122463094","https://openalex.org/W2129163123","https://openalex.org/W2131430631","https://openalex.org/W2131792101","https://openalex.org/W2135350053","https://openalex.org/W2137395590","https://openalex.org/W2142781284","https://openalex.org/W2146770873","https://openalex.org/W2147171874","https://openalex.org/W2147281789","https://openalex.org/W2162018171","https://openalex.org/W2164251692","https://openalex.org/W2164369975","https://openalex.org/W2165782069","https://openalex.org/W2534342641","https://openalex.org/W4231501498","https://openalex.org/W6679565898"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914701507","https://openalex.org/W2905521207","https://openalex.org/W2168717468","https://openalex.org/W2079575076","https://openalex.org/W2075144748","https://openalex.org/W2593119273","https://openalex.org/W2161345192","https://openalex.org/W2104938423","https://openalex.org/W2076314239","https://openalex.org/W2037883221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,19,28,39,186,193],"chip":[4,118],"level":[5],"9":[6,99,140],"bits":[7],"Charge":[8,51],"Folding":[9,52],"Successive-Approximation-Register":[10],"(SAR)":[11],"Analog-to-Digital":[12],"Converter":[13],"(ADC)":[14],"to":[15,89,98,108,114,189,197],"be":[16,87,106,162],"used":[17],"in":[18,67,121],"CMOS":[20,124],"image":[21],"sensor":[22],"for":[23,45,192],"retinal":[24],"prosthesis.":[25],"It":[26],"has":[27],"maximum":[29],"single-ended":[30],"input":[31,56,183],"range":[32,57],"of":[33,42,93,130,152,180],"1.8":[34],"V":[35,44,135],"but":[36],"only":[37],"uses":[38],"supply":[40,64,168],"voltage":[41,169],"0.9":[43,134],"the":[46,50,55,63,72,91,94,110,139,158,167,182],"entire":[47],"ADC":[48,73,95,143,177],"through":[49],"method.":[53],"Therefore,":[54,101],"is":[58,74,119,178],"no":[59],"longer":[60],"limited":[61],"by":[62,76,165],"rail":[65],"as":[66],"conventional":[68],"SAR":[69],"ADC.":[70],"Moreover,":[71],"controlled":[75],"an":[77,128,149],"internal":[78],"delay":[79],"line":[80],"based":[81],"Asynchronous":[82],"Clock":[83],"Generator":[84],"which":[85],"can":[86,105,161],"programmed":[88],"adjust":[90],"resolution":[92,102],"from":[96],"5":[97],"bits.":[100],"adaptation":[103],"function":[104],"applied":[107],"improve":[109],"energy":[111,150],"efficiency":[112,151],"up":[113,196],"15%.":[115],"The":[116],"test":[117],"implemented":[120],"0.18":[122],"\u03bcm":[123],"process":[125],"and":[126,136,147,170],"occupies":[127],"area":[129],"0.15":[131],"mm(2).":[132],"At":[133,173],"100":[137,174],"kS/s,":[138,175],"bit":[141],"s":[142],"consumes":[144],"1.33":[145],"\u03bcW":[146],"achieves":[148],"51.3":[153],"fJ/conversion-step":[154],".":[155],"In":[156],"addition,":[157],"power":[159],"consumption":[160],"further":[163],"reduced":[164],"scaling":[166],"sampling":[171],"frequency.":[172],"this":[176],"capable":[179],"converting":[181],"signal":[184],"at":[185],"rate":[187],"equivalent":[188],"30":[190],"frames/s":[191],"pixel":[194],"array":[195],"3200":[198],"pixels.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}