{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134823480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2011.2179030","title":"A Photovoltaic-Driven and Energy-Autonomous CMOS Implantable Sensor","display_name":"A Photovoltaic-Driven and Energy-Autonomous CMOS Implantable Sensor","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134823480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2011.2179030","mag":"2134823480","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23853178"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2011.2179030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2011.2179030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002470383","display_name":"Sahar Ayazian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Ayazian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. ayaz@mail.utexas.edu","Univ. of Texas at Austin, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. ayaz@mail.utexas.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Texas at Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"V. A. Akhavan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119559","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02s0wcj29","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119559","https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. A. Akhavan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Department, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119559"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"E. Soenen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Soenen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Austin, TX, USA","Univ. of Texas at Austin, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Texas at Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"A. Hassibi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Hassibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5705,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59751338,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"336","last_page":"343"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7643628120422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.7107075452804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.6723253726959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.6053313612937927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5156977772712708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.49994802474975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4777100086212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.44492533802986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4427150785923004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.40654924511909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35415250062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2827969789505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16454726457595825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7643628120422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.7107075452804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.6723253726959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.6053313612937927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5156977772712708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.49994802474975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4777100086212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.44492533802986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4427150785923004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.40654924511909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35415250062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2827969789505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16454726457595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001672","descriptor_name":"Biocompatible Materials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001672","descriptor_name":"Biocompatible Materials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001672","descriptor_name":"Biocompatible Materials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004581","descriptor_name":"Electronics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004581","descriptor_name":"Electronics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004581","descriptor_name":"Electronics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009991","descriptor_name":"Oscillometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009991","descriptor_name":"Oscillometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009991","descriptor_name":"Oscillometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012993","descriptor_name":"Solar Energy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012993","descriptor_name":"Solar Energy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012993","descriptor_name":"Solar Energy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2011.2179030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2011.2179030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23853178","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23853178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2134823480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5976946/5985982/05986080.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"Symposium on VLSI Circuits","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W215781564","https://openalex.org/W1542862827","https://openalex.org/W1967848970","https://openalex.org/W1977705237","https://openalex.org/W1978335145","https://openalex.org/W1982830963","https://openalex.org/W2021929218","https://openalex.org/W2038056860","https://openalex.org/W2067572327","https://openalex.org/W2075093920","https://openalex.org/W2093262630","https://openalex.org/W2108967892","https://openalex.org/W2119049175","https://openalex.org/W2126783696","https://openalex.org/W2128583282","https://openalex.org/W2132769848","https://openalex.org/W2133897393","https://openalex.org/W2135762586","https://openalex.org/W2139870516","https://openalex.org/W2154488179","https://openalex.org/W2166663994","https://openalex.org/W2169119609","https://openalex.org/W6608643939","https://openalex.org/W6841729194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2802106008","https://openalex.org/W2206705922","https://openalex.org/W2756495848","https://openalex.org/W2336516157","https://openalex.org/W3120715062","https://openalex.org/W2790658700","https://openalex.org/W2155512908","https://openalex.org/W2497902684","https://openalex.org/W1999561523","https://openalex.org/W1597538985","https://openalex.org/W3149926565","https://openalex.org/W2134979084","https://openalex.org/W2183042319","https://openalex.org/W2289781667","https://openalex.org/W2124634974","https://openalex.org/W1584566445","https://openalex.org/W1499630759","https://openalex.org/W2139426119","https://openalex.org/W2325426155","https://openalex.org/W2943381402"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"energy-autonomous,":[1],"photovoltaic":[2],"(PV)-driven":[3],"and":[4,70],"MRI-compatible":[5],"CMOS":[6],"implantable":[7],"sensor":[8],"is":[9,61],"presented.":[10],"On-chip":[11],"P+/N-well":[12],"diode":[13],"arrays":[14],"are":[15,48],"used":[16],"as":[17],"CMOS-compatible":[18],"PV":[19],"cells":[20],"to":[21,74],"harvest":[22],"\u03bcW's":[23],"of":[24,82],"power":[25],"from":[26],"the":[27,32,44,58,75],"light":[28],"that":[29],"penetrates":[30],"into":[31,64],"tissue.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"2.5":[36,39],"mm":[37,40],"\u00d7":[38],"sub-\u03bcW":[41],"integrated":[42],"system,":[43],"in-vivo":[45],"physiological":[46],"signals":[47],"first":[49],"measured":[50],"by":[51,78],"using":[52,79],"a":[53,65,80],"subthreshold":[54],"ring":[55],"oscillator-based":[56],"sensor,":[57],"acquired":[59],"data":[60],"then":[62],"modulated":[63],"frequency-shift":[66],"keying":[67],"(FSK)":[68],"signal,":[69],"finally":[71],"transmitted":[72],"neuromorphically":[73],"skin":[76],"surface":[77],"pair":[81],"polarized":[83],"electrodes.":[84]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}