{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118842680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2010.2051438","title":"CMOS Optoelectronic Lock-In Amplifier With Integrated Phototransistor Array","display_name":"CMOS Optoelectronic Lock-In Amplifier With Integrated Phototransistor Array","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118842680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2010.2051438","mag":"2118842680","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23853373"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2010.2051438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2010.2051438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102988582","display_name":"An Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2810-9545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"An Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QUE, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015128341","display_name":"Vamsy P. Chodavarapu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9707-2964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vamsy P. Chodavarapu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QUE, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102988582"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.5568,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9748179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"5","first_page":"274","last_page":"280"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11449","display_name":"Mechanical and Optical Resonators","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transimpedance-amplifier","display_name":"Transimpedance amplifier","score":0.9034336805343628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.651987612247467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodiode","display_name":"Photodiode","score":0.6342595219612122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.611122727394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5914822220802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lock-in-amplifier","display_name":"Lock-in amplifier","score":0.5510764122009277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5322617888450623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.47900861501693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.4553045630455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4403949975967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-power","display_name":"Optical power","score":0.43270495533943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-amplifier","display_name":"Operational amplifier","score":0.3949700891971588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2906256914138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.265255868434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2055337131023407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.15386289358139038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92631468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215437","display_name":"Transimpedance amplifier","level":5,"score":0.9034336805343628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.651987612247467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C751236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175943","display_name":"Photodiode","level":2,"score":0.6342595219612122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.611122727394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5914822220802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780259410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752933","display_name":"Lock-in amplifier","level":4,"score":0.5510764122009277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5322617888450623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.47900861501693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.4553045630455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4403949975967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191161701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559265","display_name":"Optical power","level":3,"score":0.43270495533943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.3949700891971588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2906256914138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.265255868434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2055337131023407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.15386289358139038}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbcas.2010.2051438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2010.2051438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80299757","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"1932-4545","issn":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23853373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23853373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310709","display_name":"CMC Microsystems","ror":"https://ror.org/03k70ea39"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1590448146","https://openalex.org/W1599994156","https://openalex.org/W1969974684","https://openalex.org/W2012938976","https://openalex.org/W2037539145","https://openalex.org/W2101256394","https://openalex.org/W2109559821","https://openalex.org/W2129657174","https://openalex.org/W2130606790","https://openalex.org/W2138642831","https://openalex.org/W2152295351","https://openalex.org/W2169985335","https://openalex.org/W2799067801","https://openalex.org/W4234256097","https://openalex.org/W6635371066"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2974914213","https://openalex.org/W2086246441","https://openalex.org/W2124198862","https://openalex.org/W3021620486","https://openalex.org/W2025150006","https://openalex.org/W2013295035","https://openalex.org/W2744687610","https://openalex.org/W2516123313","https://openalex.org/W1916872782","https://openalex.org/W2169172196"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"describe":[1],"the":[2,48,73,91,110,129,136,141],"design":[3],"and":[4,15,33,115,122,150,155],"development":[5],"of":[6,135,174],"an":[7,171],"optoelectronic":[8],"lock-in":[9],"amplifier":[10,20,66],"(LIA)":[11],"for":[12,67],"optical":[13,50,143],"sensing":[14],"spectroscopy":[16],"applications.":[17],"The":[18,55,76,100,113,131,145,159,168],"prototype":[19],"is":[21,41,78,88,102,138],"fabricated":[22],"using":[23,63],"Taiwan":[24],"Semiconductor":[25],"Manufacturing":[26],"Co.":[27],"complementary":[28],"metal-oxide":[29],"semiconductor":[30],"0.35-\u03bcm":[31],"technology":[32],"uses":[34],"a":[35,64,105,123,178],"phototransistor":[36],"array":[37],"(total":[38],"active":[39],"area":[40],"400":[42],"\u03bcm":[43],"\u00d7":[44],"640\u03bcm)":[45],"to":[46,80,97,140],"convert":[47],"incident":[49,142],"signals":[51,62],"into":[52,60],"electrical":[53],"currents.":[54],"photocurrents":[56],"are":[57,118,152],"then":[58],"converted":[59],"voltage":[61,134],"transimpedance":[65],"subsequent":[68],"convenient":[69],"signal":[70,116],"processing":[71],"by":[72],"LIA":[74,77,137,169],"circuitry.":[75],"optimized":[79],"be":[81],"operational":[82,89],"at":[83],"20-kHz":[84],"modulation":[85],"frequency":[86,92],"but":[87],"in":[90,128],"range":[93],"from":[94],"13":[95],"kHz":[96],"25":[98],"kHz.":[99],"system":[101],"tested":[103],"with":[104,120,177],"light-emitting":[106],"diode":[107],"(LED)":[108],"as":[109],"light":[111],"source.":[112],"noise":[114],"distortions":[117],"suppressed":[119],"filters":[121],"phase-locked":[124],"loop":[125],"(PLL)":[126],"implemented":[127],"LIA.":[130],"output":[132,160],"dc":[133,180],"proportional":[139],"power.":[144],"minimum":[146],"measured":[147],"dynamic":[148],"reserve":[149],"sensitivity":[151],"1.31":[153],"dB":[154],"34":[156],"mV/\u03bcW,":[157],"respectively.":[158],"versus":[161],"input":[162],"relationship":[163],"has":[164],"shown":[165],"good":[166],"linearity.":[167],"consumes":[170],"average":[172],"power":[173,181],"12.79":[175],"mW":[176],"3.3-V":[179],"supply.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
