{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133235857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbc.2021.3131875","title":"Learning for Unconstrained Space-Time Video Super-Resolution","display_name":"Learning for Unconstrained Space-Time Video Super-Resolution","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133235857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbc.2021.3131875","mag":"3133235857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbc.2021.3131875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbc.2021.3131875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100142436","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting","issn_l":"0018-9316","issn":["0018-9316","1557-9611"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109593714","display_name":"Zhihao Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087407889","display_name":"Xiaohong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6377-4730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["John Hopcroft Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6377-4730","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John Hopcroft Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102731205","display_name":"Chengqi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5020-6865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072786229","display_name":"Linhui Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6631-4481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linhui Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6631-4481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450217","display_name":"Jun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-9332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-9332","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060300315","display_name":"Timothy N. Davidson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2242-8070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy N. Davidson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2242-8070","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102917691","display_name":"Jiying Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7921-6503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiying Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7921-6503","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5439,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91142141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"2","first_page":"345","last_page":"358"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7103244066238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6703230142593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-resolution","display_name":"Temporal resolution","score":0.6367963552474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.6253315210342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6174283623695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.5729628801345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.5728233456611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-time","display_name":"Space time","score":0.46924662590026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-correlation","display_name":"Spatial correlation","score":0.4432694911956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.44293391704559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4209647476673126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40866848826408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3446635603904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21910783648490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16218647360801697}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7103244066238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6703230142593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119666444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977280","display_name":"Temporal resolution","level":2,"score":0.6367963552474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.6253315210342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6174283623695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.5729628801345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5728233456611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96402334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030793","display_name":"Space time","level":2,"score":0.46924662590026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150060386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574054","display_name":"Spatial correlation","level":2,"score":0.4432694911956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.44293391704559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4209647476673126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40866848826408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3446635603904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21910783648490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16218647360801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbc.2021.3131875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbc.2021.3131875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100142436","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting","issn_l":"0018-9316","issn":["0018-9316","1557-9611"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54257720","https://openalex.org/W764651262","https://openalex.org/W1979606177","https://openalex.org/W2078090809","https://openalex.org/W2106073068","https://openalex.org/W2123898224","https://openalex.org/W2126926806","https://openalex.org/W2155675678","https://openalex.org/W2157087088","https://openalex.org/W2185501973","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2242218935","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2476548250","https://openalex.org/W2503339013","https://openalex.org/W2548527721","https://openalex.org/W2558385494","https://openalex.org/W2560474170","https://openalex.org/W2560533888","https://openalex.org/W2586480386","https://openalex.org/W2604329646","https://openalex.org/W2613155248","https://openalex.org/W2738579427","https://openalex.org/W2766042998","https://openalex.org/W2769654144","https://openalex.org/W2808521801","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2914107945","https://openalex.org/W2918405586","https://openalex.org/W2919115004","https://openalex.org/W2923834406","https://openalex.org/W2949258649","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963031226","https://openalex.org/W2963093735","https://openalex.org/W2963268050","https://openalex.org/W2963729050","https://openalex.org/W2963782415","https://openalex.org/W2964101377","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964251418","https://openalex.org/W2965669158","https://openalex.org/W2970955206","https://openalex.org/W2973673960","https://openalex.org/W2986833982","https://openalex.org/W3004820227","https://openalex.org/W3009189659","https://openalex.org/W3010167627","https://openalex.org/W3012085781","https://openalex.org/W3013880286","https://openalex.org/W3016070522","https://openalex.org/W3034365816","https://openalex.org/W3034475761","https://openalex.org/W3035047434","https://openalex.org/W3035236663","https://openalex.org/W3035239272","https://openalex.org/W3042201972","https://openalex.org/W3080303915","https://openalex.org/W3080864085","https://openalex.org/W3093960910","https://openalex.org/W3094476726","https://openalex.org/W3102015846","https://openalex.org/W3107921985","https://openalex.org/W3109396053","https://openalex.org/W3110612869","https://openalex.org/W3120182249","https://openalex.org/W3133235857","https://openalex.org/W3134680050","https://openalex.org/W3151671170","https://openalex.org/W3154627629","https://openalex.org/W3173545263","https://openalex.org/W3188281262","https://openalex.org/W3192083819","https://openalex.org/W3193508667","https://openalex.org/W3202903235","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6767201353","https://openalex.org/W6773659552","https://openalex.org/W6790798920","https://openalex.org/W6798755233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966472837","https://openalex.org/W2071207587","https://openalex.org/W4320807967","https://openalex.org/W2039246943","https://openalex.org/W2128760873","https://openalex.org/W4249245269","https://openalex.org/W2162127469","https://openalex.org/W2047961797","https://openalex.org/W1976426447","https://openalex.org/W2733512255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"years":[1],"have":[2],"seen":[3],"considerable":[4],"research":[5],"activities":[6],"devoted":[7],"to":[8,26,63],"video":[9,54],"enhancement":[10],"that":[11,97],"simultaneously":[12],"increases":[13],"temporal":[14,32,74],"frame":[15,75],"rate":[16,76],"and":[17,33,77,88,112],"spatial":[18,34,78],"resolution.":[19,45],"However,":[20],"the":[21,28,40,73,81,84,98,104],"existing":[22],"methods":[23],"either":[24],"fail":[25],"explore":[27],"intrinsic":[29],"relationship":[30],"between":[31],"information":[35],"or":[36],"lack":[37],"flexibility":[38],"in":[39,71],"choice":[41],"of":[42,83],"final":[43],"temporal/spatial":[44],"In":[46],"this":[47],"work,":[48],"we":[49],"propose":[50],"an":[51],"unconstrained":[52],"space-time":[53,61],"super-resolution":[55],"network,":[56],"which":[57],"can":[58],"effectively":[59],"exploit":[60],"correlation":[62],"boost":[64],"performance.":[65],"Moreover,":[66],"it":[67],"has":[68],"complete":[69],"freedom":[70],"adjusting":[72],"resolution":[79],"through":[80],"use":[82],"optical":[85],"flow":[86],"technique":[87],"a":[89],"generalized":[90],"pixelshuffle":[91],"operation.":[92],"Our":[93],"extensive":[94],"experiments":[95],"demonstrate":[96],"proposed":[99],"method":[100],"not":[101],"only":[102],"outperforms":[103],"state-of-the-art,":[105],"but":[106],"also":[107],"requires":[108],"far":[109],"fewer":[110],"parameters":[111],"less":[113],"running":[114],"time.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
