{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2144087691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tassp.1987.1165091","title":"An adaptive Kalman equalizer: Structure and performance","display_name":"An adaptive Kalman equalizer: Structure and performance","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2144087691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tassp.1987.1165091","mag":"2144087691"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tassp.1987.1165091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tassp.1987.1165091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98930721","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":"0096-3518","issn":["0096-3518"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076320344","display_name":"B. Mulgrew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8082-2818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Mulgrew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109238330","display_name":"C.F.N. Cowan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Cowan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","Dept of Electrical Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Electrical Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19375771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"12","first_page":"1727","last_page":"1735"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infinite-impulse-response","display_name":"Infinite impulse response","score":0.8740760684013367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-impulse-response","display_name":"Finite impulse response","score":0.7198060154914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.703058123588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-equalizer","display_name":"Adaptive equalizer","score":0.6353949904441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-filter","display_name":"Adaptive filter","score":0.5734169483184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.535800576210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recursive-least-squares-filter","display_name":"Recursive least squares filter","score":0.5155348777770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49305006861686707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45763543248176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-mean-squares-filter","display_name":"Least mean squares filter","score":0.43927961587905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-identification","display_name":"System identification","score":0.4363642632961273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-mean-square-error","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","score":0.42718738317489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4230008125305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.37732285261154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.36040815711021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-filter","display_name":"Digital filter","score":0.34573060274124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.17745420336723328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12573081254959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08557552099227905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183816354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665617","display_name":"Infinite impulse response","level":4,"score":0.8740760684013367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198386975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117785","display_name":"Finite impulse response","level":2,"score":0.7198060154914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.703058123588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25125847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680741","display_name":"Adaptive equalizer","level":4,"score":0.6353949904441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102248274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168388","display_name":"Adaptive filter","level":2,"score":0.5734169483184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.535800576210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145249878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835868","display_name":"Recursive least squares filter","level":3,"score":0.5155348777770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49305006861686707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45763543248176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32617633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426666","display_name":"Least mean squares filter","level":3,"score":0.43927961587905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119247159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366192","display_name":"System identification","level":3,"score":0.4363642632961273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90652560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091747","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","level":3,"score":0.42718738317489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4230008125305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.37732285261154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.36040815711021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36390408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163067","display_name":"Digital filter","level":3,"score":0.34573060274124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.17745420336723328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12573081254959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08557552099227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tassp.1987.1165091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tassp.1987.1165091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98930721","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":"0096-3518","issn":["0096-3518"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510355813","https://openalex.org/W1967901437","https://openalex.org/W1969075851","https://openalex.org/W1978222715","https://openalex.org/W1978655333","https://openalex.org/W1981364618","https://openalex.org/W2007809249","https://openalex.org/W2008965105","https://openalex.org/W2020350873","https://openalex.org/W2079538659","https://openalex.org/W2093356003","https://openalex.org/W2098288183","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2118804941","https://openalex.org/W2120232512","https://openalex.org/W2130562502","https://openalex.org/W2141898918","https://openalex.org/W2144668489","https://openalex.org/W2156650773","https://openalex.org/W2752210974","https://openalex.org/W4240522181","https://openalex.org/W4243959868","https://openalex.org/W4246838614","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6771012179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021136290","https://openalex.org/W2081837274","https://openalex.org/W1851105822","https://openalex.org/W1986815714","https://openalex.org/W2164779504","https://openalex.org/W3119169835","https://openalex.org/W2372169747","https://openalex.org/W2100771012","https://openalex.org/W1484281368","https://openalex.org/W2185121463"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,59,95],"development":[1],"of":[2,69,72,82,163,176,189,214],"an":[3,52,66,199],"adaptive":[4,99,192],"infinite":[5],"impulse":[6,55,179],"response":[7,56],"(IIR)":[8],"linear":[9],"equalizer":[10,85,201],"is":[11,29,65,97,137,156,195,203,218],"described.":[12],"Using":[13],"discrete":[14],"time":[15],"Wiener":[16],"filtering":[17],"theory,":[18],"a":[19,83,102,110,119,206],"closed":[20],"form":[21],"for":[22,127,171],"the":[23,42,47,70,73,80,128,132,135,141,161,168,174,177,186,212,215,222],"optimum":[24,53],"mean-square":[25],"error":[26],"IIR":[27,48,74,193],"filter":[28,170,194,217],"derived.":[30],"A":[31,153],"performance":[32,188],"comparison":[33],"using":[34,101,205],"both":[35,159],"minimum":[36,60],"and":[37,93,117,139,166],"non-minimum":[38],"phase":[39,61],"channels":[40],"indicates":[41],"complexity/performance":[43],"advantages":[44],"inherent":[45],"in":[46,107,173],"system":[49,103,129],"compared":[50],"to":[51,134,198],"finite":[54],"(FIR)":[57],"solution.":[58],"spectral":[62],"factorization,":[63],"which":[64,158,202],"integral":[67],"part":[68],"derivation":[71],"equalizer,":[75],"may":[76],"be":[77],"circumvented":[78],"through":[79],"use":[81],"Kalman":[84,111,169],"such":[86],"as":[87],"that":[88,185],"originally":[89],"proposed":[90],"by":[91,100],"Lawrence":[92],"Kaufman.":[94],"structure":[96],"made":[98],"identification":[104,130],"algorithm":[105,124,143],"operating":[106],"parallel":[108],"with":[109,115,149],"equalizer.":[112],"In":[113],"common":[114],"Luvison":[116],"Pirani,":[118],"least":[120,208],"mean":[121],"squares":[122,209],"(LMS)":[123],"was":[125],"chosen":[126],"because":[131],"input":[133],"channel":[136,164,178],"white":[138],"hence":[140],"LMS":[142],"will":[144],"produce":[145],"consistent":[146],"predictable":[147],"results":[148,183],"little":[150],"added":[151],"complexity.":[152],"new":[154,191,216],"technique":[155],"introduced":[157],"estimates":[160],"variance":[162],"noise":[165],"compensates":[167],"errors":[172],"estimate":[175],"response.":[180],"Computer":[181],"simulation":[182],"show":[184],"convergence":[187],"this":[190],"roughly":[196],"equivalent":[197],"FIR":[200,223],"trained":[204],"recursive":[207],"algorithm.":[210],"However,":[211],"order":[213],"always":[219],"lower":[220],"than":[221],"filter.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
