{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4398150461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2024.3402068","title":"Formant Frequency Tuning of Three-Dimensional MRI-Based Vocal Tracts for the Finite Element Synthesis of Vowels","display_name":"Formant Frequency Tuning of Three-Dimensional MRI-Based Vocal Tracts for the Finite Element Synthesis of Vowels","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4398150461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2024.3402068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2024.3402068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2024.3402068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032816883","display_name":"Marc Arnela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1510-8519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5593406","display_name":"Universitat Ramon Llull","ror":"https://ror.org/04p9k2z50","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5593406"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marc Arnela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Environment Research (HER) Group, Department of Engineering, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Environment Research (HER) Group, Department of Engineering, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5593406"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045507101","display_name":"Oriol Guasch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5461-0248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5593406","display_name":"Universitat Ramon Llull","ror":"https://ror.org/04p9k2z50","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5593406"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oriol Guasch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Environment Research (HER) Group, Department of Engineering, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Environment Research (HER) Group, Department of Engineering, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5593406"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032816883"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5593406"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3735,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5151791,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"2790","last_page":"2799"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11349","display_name":"Music Technology and Sound Studies","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formant","display_name":"Formant","score":0.9796398282051086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocal-tract","display_name":"Vocal tract","score":0.9026115536689758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singing","display_name":"Singing","score":0.6189630627632141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.5562515258789062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization","display_name":"Discretization","score":0.5200821757316589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46670886874198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4634084403514862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.4452473223209381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.43934115767478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.42396289110183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.41639822721481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3339010179042816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3015705347061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22614160180091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.14471957087516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vowel","display_name":"Vowel","score":0.12491592764854431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10662826895713806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.06431078910827637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158215666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414685","display_name":"Formant","level":3,"score":0.9796398282051086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47401133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748953","display_name":"Vocal tract","level":2,"score":0.9026115536689758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44819458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27939","display_name":"Singing","level":2,"score":0.6189630627632141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5562515258789062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.5200821757316589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46670886874198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4634084403514862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.4452473223209381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43934115767478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.42396289110183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.41639822721481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3339010179042816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3015705347061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22614160180091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.14471957087516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.12491592764854431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10662826895713806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.06431078910827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2024.3402068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2024.3402068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6730699889","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021 SGR 1396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321505","funder_display_name":"Generalitat de Catalunya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321505","display_name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/01bg62x04"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46188241","https://openalex.org/W1508447013","https://openalex.org/W1973745340","https://openalex.org/W1974325968","https://openalex.org/W1977303213","https://openalex.org/W1993096868","https://openalex.org/W1993760704","https://openalex.org/W1997631603","https://openalex.org/W1999620205","https://openalex.org/W2014315834","https://openalex.org/W2017478839","https://openalex.org/W2024292495","https://openalex.org/W2026149420","https://openalex.org/W2033118624","https://openalex.org/W2035395798","https://openalex.org/W2036666255","https://openalex.org/W2044752794","https://openalex.org/W2048752878","https://openalex.org/W2054963470","https://openalex.org/W2069618035","https://openalex.org/W2072004677","https://openalex.org/W2079194684","https://openalex.org/W2082314689","https://openalex.org/W2089642990","https://openalex.org/W2131822572","https://openalex.org/W2141697795","https://openalex.org/W2159094357","https://openalex.org/W2167258965","https://openalex.org/W2404836908","https://openalex.org/W2436743832","https://openalex.org/W2519839016","https://openalex.org/W2520934613","https://openalex.org/W2768338075","https://openalex.org/W2853842652","https://openalex.org/W2894069377","https://openalex.org/W2973985005","https://openalex.org/W2981553476","https://openalex.org/W3005851946","https://openalex.org/W3047524979","https://openalex.org/W3093286717","https://openalex.org/W3096126510","https://openalex.org/W3110123653","https://openalex.org/W4226443384","https://openalex.org/W4285224306"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046073792","https://openalex.org/W4254341835","https://openalex.org/W1748856376","https://openalex.org/W2086580720","https://openalex.org/W1909584822","https://openalex.org/W2001425423","https://openalex.org/W2061217898","https://openalex.org/W2894697037","https://openalex.org/W2131046383","https://openalex.org/W2021612972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays":[0],"it":[1,34,159],"is":[2,35,75,88,98,131,160,218],"possible":[3,161],"to":[4,28,39,46,101,118,151,162,200,210,248],"acquire":[5],"three-dimensional":[6],"(3D)":[7],"geometries":[8,45],"of":[9,15,80,136,173,181,184,205,213,221,237],"the":[10,48,69,104,108,134,137,141,145,152,170,177,182,198,206,211,219,222,235,253],"vocal":[11,72,120,129],"tract":[12,73,121,130],"by":[13,168],"means":[14],"Magnetic":[16],"Resonance":[17],"Imaging":[18],"(MRI)":[19],"and":[20,51,144,165,202,229,242],"introduce":[21],"them":[22],"into":[23,77],"a":[24,63,78,127,188,245],"3D":[25,70,128,185],"acoustic":[26],"model":[27],"obtain":[29],"their":[30],"frequency":[31],"response.":[32],"However,":[33],"not":[36],"yet":[37],"feasible":[38],"consider":[40,119],"small":[41],"variations":[42],"in":[43,225],"these":[44],"tune":[47],"formant":[49,208,214],"frequencies":[50,111,204],"produce,":[52],"for":[53,65],"instance,":[54],"specific":[55],"voice":[56,164],"or":[57,234],"singing":[58,166,223],"effects.":[59],"This":[60],"work":[61],"presents":[62],"methodology":[64],"doing":[66],"so.":[67],"First,":[68],"MRI-based":[71],"geometry":[74],"discretized":[76],"set":[79],"cross-sections":[81,139,149],"from":[82,197],"which":[83,226],"its":[84],"1D":[85,91],"area":[86,105],"function":[87,106],"calculated.":[89],"A":[90],"tuning":[92,169],"algorithm":[93,115],"based":[94],"on":[95],"sensitivity":[96],"functions":[97],"then":[99],"used":[100],"iteratively":[102],"perturb":[103],"until":[107],"desired":[109],"target":[110],"are":[112,194,231],"obtained.":[113],"The":[114,216],"also":[116],"allows":[117],"length":[122,154],"perturbations":[123],"between":[124,148],"cross-sections.":[125],"Finally,":[126],"reconstructed":[132],"using":[133],"shape":[135],"original":[138],"with":[140],"new":[142,146],"areas,":[143],"spacing":[147],"according":[150],"computed":[153],"variations.":[155],"In":[156],"this":[157],"way":[158],"produce":[163],"effects":[167],"first":[171,207],"formants":[172],"vowels":[174],"while":[175],"keeping":[176],"high":[178],"energy":[179],"content":[180],"spectrum":[183],"models":[186],"at":[187],"low":[189],"computational":[190],"cost.":[191],"Several":[192],"examples":[193],"presented,":[195],"ranging":[196],"shift":[199],"lower":[201],"higher":[203],"(F1)":[209],"generation":[212],"clusters.":[215],"latter":[217],"case":[220,236],"formant,":[224],"F3,":[227],"F4":[228],"F5":[230],"grouped":[232],"together,":[233],"biphonic":[238],"singing,":[239],"where":[240],"F2":[241],"F3":[243],"form":[244],"single":[246],"peak":[247],"generate":[249],"an":[250],"overtone":[251],"above":[252],"fundamental":[254],"frequency.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
