{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310863306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2022.3224282","title":"Direction of Arrival Estimation of Sound Sources Using Icosahedral CNNs","display_name":"Direction of Arrival Estimation of Sound Sources Using Icosahedral CNNs","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310863306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2022.3224282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2022.3224282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2022.3224282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/121235/files/texto_completo.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051769096","display_name":"David Diaz-Guerra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-0498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Diaz-Guerra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Communications, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-0498","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Communications, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Antonio Miguel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5803-4316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Miguel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Communications, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5803-4316","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Communications, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110186106","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Beltr\u00e1n","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose R. Beltran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Communications, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7500-4650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Communications, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6662,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95913335,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":"313","last_page":"321"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.6845136880874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverberation","display_name":"Reverberation","score":0.6693405508995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6615407466888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icosahedral-symmetry","display_name":"Icosahedral symmetry","score":0.6565356850624084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6202061176300049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5949705243110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5675405859947205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differentiable-function","display_name":"Differentiable function","score":0.5096535682678223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36503902077674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1932278275489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.18273764848709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16531118750572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.16376906633377075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.16321709752082825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09318795800209045}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.6845136880874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95851461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468809","display_name":"Reverberation","level":2,"score":0.6693405508995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6615407466888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113709186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5986738","display_name":"Icosahedral symmetry","level":2,"score":0.6565356850624084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6202061176300049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5949705243110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5675405859947205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202615002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783507","display_name":"Differentiable function","level":2,"score":0.5096535682678223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36503902077674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1932278275489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.18273764848709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16531118750572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.16376906633377075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.16321709752082825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09318795800209045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2022.3224282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2022.3224282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zaguan.unizar.es:121235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/121235","pdf_url":"https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/121235/files/texto_completo.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401812","display_name":"Zaguan (University of Zaragoza Repository)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/206994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/206994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055260","display_name":"Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zaguan.unizar.es:121235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/121235","pdf_url":"https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/121235/files/texto_completo.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401812","display_name":"Zaguan (University of Zaragoza Repository)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310863306.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W126779258","https://openalex.org/W1494198834","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1555217905","https://openalex.org/W1603075283","https://openalex.org/W2046317813","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2117678320","https://openalex.org/W2128977628","https://openalex.org/W2137867936","https://openalex.org/W2296073425","https://openalex.org/W2551990143","https://openalex.org/W2738767782","https://openalex.org/W2776323726","https://openalex.org/W2796422723","https://openalex.org/W2810934215","https://openalex.org/W2884822476","https://openalex.org/W2885219692","https://openalex.org/W2888793942","https://openalex.org/W2891627435","https://openalex.org/W2898187790","https://openalex.org/W2898268964","https://openalex.org/W2903098622","https://openalex.org/W2914520121","https://openalex.org/W2917254586","https://openalex.org/W2940285530","https://openalex.org/W2948091552","https://openalex.org/W2962708126","https://openalex.org/W2963598163","https://openalex.org/W2964342924","https://openalex.org/W2982429715","https://openalex.org/W3015605759","https://openalex.org/W3034751264","https://openalex.org/W3043987916","https://openalex.org/W3104196160","https://openalex.org/W3104947433","https://openalex.org/W3108495681","https://openalex.org/W3115295152","https://openalex.org/W3117307355","https://openalex.org/W3117312351","https://openalex.org/W3132182240","https://openalex.org/W3157286395","https://openalex.org/W3159058526","https://openalex.org/W3160649118","https://openalex.org/W3170478154","https://openalex.org/W3184868278","https://openalex.org/W3197097128","https://openalex.org/W3210808295","https://openalex.org/W4200576194","https://openalex.org/W4285662773","https://openalex.org/W4287644155","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W6605165268","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6759134542","https://openalex.org/W6763349780","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6769516661","https://openalex.org/W6771536906","https://openalex.org/W6780226713","https://openalex.org/W6784266278","https://openalex.org/W6790969745","https://openalex.org/W6794315554"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2587076120","https://openalex.org/W2066534028","https://openalex.org/W832774369","https://openalex.org/W2335637493","https://openalex.org/W2072193010","https://openalex.org/W2503873562","https://openalex.org/W2055011037","https://openalex.org/W2007396986","https://openalex.org/W1575178411","https://openalex.org/W3164979738"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,84],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,96],"present":[4],"a":[5,36,54,74,98,107,123,134,157,181],"new":[6,99],"model":[7],"for":[8],"Direction":[9],"of":[10,14,49,57,61,80,87,110,129,146,189],"Arrival":[11],"(DOA)":[12],"estimation":[13,121],"sound":[15],"sources":[16],"based":[17],"on":[18],"an":[19],"Icosahedral":[20],"Convolutional":[21],"Neural":[22],"Network":[23],"(CNN)":[24],"applied":[25],"over":[26],"SRP-PHAT":[27],"power":[28],"maps":[29],"computed":[30],"from":[31],"the":[32,45,50,58,81,93,111,119,127,130,144,147],"signals":[33],"received":[34],"by":[35],"microphone":[37],"array.":[38],"This":[39],"icosahedral":[40,94],"CNN":[41],"is":[42],"equivariant":[43],"to":[44,117,151],"60":[46],"rotational":[47],"symmetries":[48],"icosahedron,":[51],"which":[52],"represent":[53],"good":[55],"approximation":[56],"continuous":[59],"space":[60],"spherical":[62,82],"rotations,":[63],"and":[64,114,161],"can":[65,103],"be":[66,104],"implemented":[67],"using":[68,88,140],"standard":[69],"2D":[70],"convolutional":[71,131],"layers,":[72],"having":[73],"lower":[75,158,170],"computational":[76,159],"cost":[77,160],"than":[78,171],"most":[79],"CNNs.":[83],"addition,":[85],"instead":[86],"fully":[89],"connected":[90],"layers":[91,132],"after":[92],"convolutions,":[95],"propose":[97],"soft-argmax":[100],"function":[101,113],"that":[102,139,142],"seen":[105],"as":[106,122,133],"differentiable":[108],"version":[109],"argmax":[112],"allows":[115,149],"us":[116,150],"solve":[118],"DOA":[120],"regression":[124],"problem":[125,148],"interpreting":[126],"output":[128],"probability":[135],"distribution.":[136],"We":[137],"prove":[138],"models":[141,155],"fit":[143],"equivariances":[145],"outperform":[152],"other":[153],"state-of-the-art":[154],"with":[156,180],"more":[162],"robustness,":[163],"obtaining":[164],"root":[165],"mean":[166],"square":[167],"localization":[168],"errors":[169],"<inline-formula":[172,184,190],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[173,185,191],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[174,186,192],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$10^{\\circ":[175],"}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[176],"even":[177],"in":[178],"scenarios":[179],"reverberation":[182],"time":[183],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mathbf":[187],"{T_{60}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[188],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1.5":[193],"\\,\\mathrm{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[194],".":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
