{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3178546316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2021.3060813","title":"Converting Foreign Accent Speech Without a Reference","display_name":"Converting Foreign Accent Speech Without a Reference","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3178546316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2021.3060813","mag":"3178546316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2021.3060813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2021.3060813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078020198","display_name":"Guanlong Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanlong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University (TAMU), College Station, TX, USA","Google LLC,, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6059-4053","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University (TAMU), College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google LLC,, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058886181","display_name":"Shaojin Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2108-3111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaojin Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University (TAMU), College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2108-3111","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University (TAMU), College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062423099","display_name":"Ricardo Guti\u00e9rrez\u2010Osuna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2817-2085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Gutierrez-Osuna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University (TAMU), College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University (TAMU), College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89985051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":null,"first_page":"2367","last_page":"2381"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","score":0.8508504033088684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.5476488471031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4893724322319031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4184982478618622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.36245912313461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3619993031024933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.3201778829097748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1370009481906891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.05478113889694214}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776756274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.8508504033088684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5476488471031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4893724322319031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4184982478618622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.36245912313461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3619993031024933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.3201778829097748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1370009481906891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.05478113889694214}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2021.3060813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2021.3060813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310164","display_name":"Texas A and M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95152782","https://openalex.org/W854541894","https://openalex.org/W1494198834","https://openalex.org/W1509691205","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1524333225","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1892640180","https://openalex.org/W1967828208","https://openalex.org/W1991682319","https://openalex.org/W1993687062","https://openalex.org/W2004299580","https://openalex.org/W2017742648","https://openalex.org/W2020304287","https://openalex.org/W2022241205","https://openalex.org/W2023407680","https://openalex.org/W2023728986","https://openalex.org/W2057609679","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2120605154","https://openalex.org/W2144513243","https://openalex.org/W2145442746","https://openalex.org/W2150769028","https://openalex.org/W2168473804","https://openalex.org/W2171019095","https://openalex.org/W2292984643","https://openalex.org/W2294038178","https://openalex.org/W2295661697","https://openalex.org/W2327501763","https://openalex.org/W2395237272","https://openalex.org/W2402146185","https://openalex.org/W2471520273","https://openalex.org/W2507912506","https://openalex.org/W2509285937","https://openalex.org/W2518312472","https://openalex.org/W2519091744","https://openalex.org/W2576309025","https://openalex.org/W2624871570","https://openalex.org/W2675443237","https://openalex.org/W2747070883","https://openalex.org/W2752813595","https://openalex.org/W2808706139","https://openalex.org/W2886769154","https://openalex.org/W2888867175","https://openalex.org/W2888954148","https://openalex.org/W2889504751","https://openalex.org/W2890402938","https://openalex.org/W2897353073","https://openalex.org/W2899877258","https://openalex.org/W2949382160","https://openalex.org/W2955237921","https://openalex.org/W2963035245","https://openalex.org/W2963139417","https://openalex.org/W2963300588","https://openalex.org/W2963432880","https://openalex.org/W2963609956","https://openalex.org/W2963808252","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964243274","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2972702018","https://openalex.org/W2972970915","https://openalex.org/W2973142754","https://openalex.org/W2973212992","https://openalex.org/W2983786745","https://openalex.org/W2996414377","https://openalex.org/W2998572311","https://openalex.org/W3015430779","https://openalex.org/W3034420534","https://openalex.org/W3099078140","https://openalex.org/W3101689408","https://openalex.org/W3141797743","https://openalex.org/W4249468441","https://openalex.org/W4289761690","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W6603838645","https://openalex.org/W6623517193","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6631362777","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6639486974","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6681151457","https://openalex.org/W6697024540","https://openalex.org/W6711843424","https://openalex.org/W6712930963","https://openalex.org/W6739365718","https://openalex.org/W6744262642","https://openalex.org/W6752888775","https://openalex.org/W6752910514","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6772349387","https://openalex.org/W6780226713","https://openalex.org/W6947763825"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4367680763","https://openalex.org/W2739335048","https://openalex.org/W1506224037","https://openalex.org/W4213177143","https://openalex.org/W2151922127","https://openalex.org/W4237818736","https://openalex.org/W4252005663","https://openalex.org/W2365914832","https://openalex.org/W2352261042","https://openalex.org/W2314218554"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Foreign":[0],"accent":[1],"conversion":[2],"(FAC)":[3],"is":[4,46,121,131,156],"the":[5,14,23,42,63,76,87,91,105,149,164,169,175,192,232,240,245],"problem":[6],"of":[7,17,26,90,208,222,231],"generating":[8],"a":[9,18,27,39,51,58,72,99,127,135,140,153,180,202,216],"synthetic":[10,32],"voice":[11,15,33,242],"that":[12,54,71,103,191],"has":[13,34],"identity":[16,243],"second-language":[19],"(L2)":[20,65],"learner":[21],"and":[22,114,148,215],"pronunciation":[24],"patterns":[25],"native":[28],"(L1)":[29,60],"speaker.":[30,66,151],"This":[31,84],"been":[35],"referred":[36],"to":[37,133,158,162],"as":[38,238,244],"\u201cgolden-speaker\u201d":[40],"in":[41,123,168,197,206,219],"pronunciation-training":[43],"literature.":[44],"FAC":[45,69,92,101,129],"generally":[47],"achieved":[48],"by":[49],"building":[50],"voice-conversion":[52],"model":[53,155,177],"maps":[55],"utterances":[56,110,117,138,161,166,237],"from":[57,75,139],"source":[59],"speaker":[61,78,143],"onto":[62],"target":[64],"As":[67],"such,":[68],"requires":[70],"reference":[73,108,141],"utterance":[74,183],"L1":[77,109,142],"be":[79],"available":[80],"at":[81,111],"synthesis":[82,112,173],"time.":[83],"greatly":[85],"restricts":[86],"application":[88],"scope":[89],"system.":[93],"In":[94],"this":[95],"work,":[96],"we":[97],"propose":[98],"\u201creference-free\u201d":[100],"system":[102,120,193],"eliminates":[104],"need":[106],"for":[107],"time,":[113,174],"transforms":[115,179],"L2":[116,150,160,182,199,247],"directly.":[118],"The":[119],"trained":[122,157],"two":[124],"steps.":[125],"First,":[126],"conventional":[128],"procedure":[130],"used":[132],"create":[134],"golden-speaker":[136,165,186,236],"using":[137],"(which":[144],"are":[145],"then":[146],"discarded)":[147],"Second,":[152],"pronunciation-correction":[154,176],"convert":[159],"match":[163],"obtained":[167,225],"first":[170],"step.":[171],"At":[172],"directly":[178],"novel":[181,198],"into":[184],"its":[185],"counterpart.":[187],"Our":[188],"results":[189],"show":[190],"reduces":[194],"foreign":[195,223],"accents":[196],"utterances,":[200],"achieving":[201],"20.5%":[203],"relative":[204],"reduction":[205,218],"word-error-rate":[207],"an":[209],"American":[210],"English":[211],"automatic":[212],"speech":[213],"recognizer":[214],"19%":[217],"perceptual":[220],"ratings":[221],"accentedness":[224],"through":[226],"listening":[227],"tests.":[228],"Over":[229],"73%":[230],"listeners":[233],"also":[234],"rated":[235],"having":[239],"same":[241],"original":[246],"utterances.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
