{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2967174816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2019.2933727","title":"Beyond Error Propagation: Language Branching Also Affects the Accuracy of Sequence Generation","display_name":"Beyond Error Propagation: Language Branching Also Affects the Accuracy of Sequence Generation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2967174816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2019.2933727","mag":"2967174816"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2019.2933727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2019.2933727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102750692","display_name":"Lijun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3530-590X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lijun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3530-590X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101522530","display_name":"Xu Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5631-0639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5631-0639","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020025718","display_name":"Tao Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9095-0776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034685928","display_name":"Jianhuang Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3883-2024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhuang Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3883-2024","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101884287","display_name":"Tie\u2010Yan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0476-8020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tie-Yan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102750692"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.578,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75817439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"12","first_page":"1868","last_page":"1879"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-summarization","display_name":"Automatic summarization","score":0.8496744632720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7049233913421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5856520533561707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.5787583589553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5507251024246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5236896276473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propagation-of-uncertainty","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","score":0.49607476592063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-captioning","display_name":"Closed captioning","score":0.48827195167541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/branching","display_name":"Branching (polymer chemistry)","score":0.47947821021080017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.45246174931526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.43690356612205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33990639448165894}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.8496744632720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7049233913421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5856520533561707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5787583589553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5507251024246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5236896276473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123614077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364905","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.49607476592063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157657479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2367247","display_name":"Closed captioning","level":3,"score":0.48827195167541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206175624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595731","display_name":"Branching (polymer chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.47947821021080017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.45246174931526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.43690356612205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33990639448165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2019.2933727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2019.2933727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5259213742","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61573387","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6908809","https://openalex.org/W104184427","https://openalex.org/W623762497","https://openalex.org/W642242777","https://openalex.org/W648786980","https://openalex.org/W1521626219","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2016589492","https://openalex.org/W2049872937","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2099753298","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2123301721","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2149327368","https://openalex.org/W2149741699","https://openalex.org/W2154652894","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2176263492","https://openalex.org/W2185175083","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2296073425","https://openalex.org/W2460550122","https://openalex.org/W2466062786","https://openalex.org/W2546938941","https://openalex.org/W2576482813","https://openalex.org/W2607987856","https://openalex.org/W2613904329","https://openalex.org/W2751527518","https://openalex.org/W2785093437","https://openalex.org/W2794365787","https://openalex.org/W2803417661","https://openalex.org/W2803569830","https://openalex.org/W2888442053","https://openalex.org/W2889606145","https://openalex.org/W2903012348","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2962801832","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2962965405","https://openalex.org/W2963091079","https://openalex.org/W2963096987","https://openalex.org/W2963248296","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963463964","https://openalex.org/W2963778889","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964265128","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W4240689261","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6600284362","https://openalex.org/W6604254268","https://openalex.org/W6621543089","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6675028206","https://openalex.org/W6678262379","https://openalex.org/W6679434410","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6681703963","https://openalex.org/W6682264535","https://openalex.org/W6682631176","https://openalex.org/W6685322675","https://openalex.org/W6718712177","https://openalex.org/W6729383884","https://openalex.org/W6732150968","https://openalex.org/W6736588030","https://openalex.org/W6737778391","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6740005241","https://openalex.org/W6743499376","https://openalex.org/W6747302705","https://openalex.org/W6748218325","https://openalex.org/W6749740488","https://openalex.org/W6751388411"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210416330","https://openalex.org/W2775506363","https://openalex.org/W3088136942","https://openalex.org/W2963177403","https://openalex.org/W4290852288","https://openalex.org/W2949362007","https://openalex.org/W4283207562","https://openalex.org/W2330246314","https://openalex.org/W2949522393","https://openalex.org/W4284703357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sequence":[0],"generation":[1,76,192],"tasks,":[2],"such":[3],"as":[4,17,19,72,206,208],"neural":[5],"machine":[6],"translation":[7],"(NMT)":[8],"and":[9,29,41,89,199],"abstractive":[10,197],"summarization,":[11],"usually":[12],"suffer":[13],"from":[14],"exposure":[15],"bias":[16],"well":[18,207],"the":[20,26,36,42,49,53,80,83,98,119,128,144,148,152,173],"error":[21,39,111],"propagation":[22,40,112],"problem":[23,47],"due":[24],"to":[25,95,127,164],"autoregressive":[27],"training":[28],"generation.":[30],"Many":[31],"previous":[32],"works":[33],"have":[34],"discussed":[35],"relationship":[37],"between":[38],"<italic":[43],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[44],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">accuracy":[45],"drop</i>":[46],"(i.e.,":[48],"right":[50,170,174],"part":[51,62,150,175],"of":[52,82,93,110,134,151],"generated":[54,84,153],"sentence":[55,85,154],"is":[56,116,123,161,176],"often":[57],"worse":[58],"than":[59,168],"its":[60,169],"left":[61,149],"in":[63,118,142,155,209],"left-to-right":[64],"decoding":[65],"models).":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"taking":[70],"NMT":[71],"a":[73,91,125,135,138,156,180],"typical":[74],"sequence":[75],"task,":[77],"we":[78],"measure":[79],"accuracy":[81,99,114,129,145],"with":[86,202],"various":[87,210],"metrics":[88],"conduct":[90],"series":[92],"analyses":[94],"deeply":[96],"understand":[97],"drop":[100,115,130,146],"problem.":[101,131],"We":[102],"obtain":[103],"several":[104],"interesting":[105],"findings.":[106],"First,":[107],"The":[108],"role":[109,141],"on":[113,190],"overstated":[117],"literature,":[120],"although":[121],"it":[122],"indeed":[124],"cause":[126],"Second,":[132],"Characteristics":[133],"language":[136,158,182,200],"play":[137],"more":[139,162,166,177],"important":[140],"causing":[143],"problem:":[147],"right-branching":[157],"(e.g.,":[159,183,194],"English)":[160],"likely":[163],"be":[165],"accurate":[167,178],"part,":[171],"while":[172],"for":[179],"left-branching":[181],"Japanese).":[184],"Our":[185],"discoveries":[186],"are":[187],"also":[188],"confirmed":[189],"other":[191],"tasks":[193],"image":[195],"captioning,":[196],"summarization":[198],"modeling)":[201],"multiple":[203],"left/right-branching":[204],"languages,":[205],"model":[211],"structures.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}