{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2790091699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2018.2806305","title":"Scoring Heterogeneous Speaker Vectors Using Nonlinear Transformations and Tied PLDA Models","display_name":"Scoring Heterogeneous Speaker Vectors Using Nonlinear Transformations and Tied PLDA Models","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2790091699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2018.2806305","mag":"2790091699"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2018.2806305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2018.2806305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015516603","display_name":"Sandro Cumani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6036-0065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sandro Cumani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023812879","display_name":"Pietro Laface","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2841-7695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Laface","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015516603"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8144,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78753367,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"5","first_page":"995","last_page":"1009"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6994274854660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6972514986991882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.6525035500526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5504815578460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5471779108047485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.5380930304527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5131955742835999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47390711307525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4700682759284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4698186218738556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homogeneous","display_name":"Homogeneous","score":0.4326796531677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-set","display_name":"Test set","score":0.42306458950042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2904723286628723}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6994274854660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6972514986991882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.6525035500526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5504815578460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5471779108047485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5380930304527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5131955742835999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47390711307525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4700682759284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4698186218738556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336","display_name":"Homogeneous","level":2,"score":0.4326796531677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.42306458950042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2904723286628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2018.2806305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2018.2806305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67277430","https://openalex.org/W1501458753","https://openalex.org/W1601795611","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1968709559","https://openalex.org/W1971758513","https://openalex.org/W1990942610","https://openalex.org/W1996950552","https://openalex.org/W2004497042","https://openalex.org/W2011229062","https://openalex.org/W2039057510","https://openalex.org/W2041823554","https://openalex.org/W2045246746","https://openalex.org/W2046056978","https://openalex.org/W2053155748","https://openalex.org/W2064364374","https://openalex.org/W2090716422","https://openalex.org/W2094961362","https://openalex.org/W2100643000","https://openalex.org/W2114925438","https://openalex.org/W2129066450","https://openalex.org/W2129379984","https://openalex.org/W2134706965","https://openalex.org/W2136567909","https://openalex.org/W2137286467","https://openalex.org/W2143694533","https://openalex.org/W2150769028","https://openalex.org/W2154211011","https://openalex.org/W2159786793","https://openalex.org/W2173092938","https://openalex.org/W2180339972","https://openalex.org/W2294814385","https://openalex.org/W2395750323","https://openalex.org/W2398362606","https://openalex.org/W2403624098","https://openalex.org/W2405950182","https://openalex.org/W2406312423","https://openalex.org/W2407127962","https://openalex.org/W2493361416","https://openalex.org/W2508342322","https://openalex.org/W2508843093","https://openalex.org/W2517338937","https://openalex.org/W2581259899","https://openalex.org/W2587150483","https://openalex.org/W2592513362","https://openalex.org/W2612671228","https://openalex.org/W2728421214","https://openalex.org/W2783693219","https://openalex.org/W4234330420","https://openalex.org/W6602762607","https://openalex.org/W6663966732","https://openalex.org/W6685376867","https://openalex.org/W6713680061"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106922437","https://openalex.org/W2807901368","https://openalex.org/W2158491338","https://openalex.org/W2133733652","https://openalex.org/W2072658171","https://openalex.org/W2606392311","https://openalex.org/W4385956668","https://openalex.org/W2900895161","https://openalex.org/W4380838366","https://openalex.org/W2539884462"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"current":[1],"state-of-the-art":[2],"text-independent":[3],"speaker":[4,115,182,186],"recognition":[5],"systems":[6],"are":[7,26],"based":[8],"on":[9,12,206,220,252],"i-vectors,":[10,61,171],"and":[11,43,71,102,150,193],"probabilistic":[13],"linear":[14],"discriminant":[15],"analysis":[16],"(PLDA).":[17],"PLDA":[18,87,142,148],"assumes":[19],"that":[20,29,89,106,175],"the":[21,35,41,48,113,147,151,158,170,173,176,180,184,198,207,226,232,242,245,253],"i-vectors":[22,45,65,73,95,111,178],"of":[23,97,110,112,137,153,157,163,169,179,200,203,244],"a":[24,76,86,108,135,154,165,201],"trial":[25],"homogeneous,":[27],"i.e.,":[28],"they":[30],"have":[31],"been":[32],"extracted":[33,66,74],"by":[34,67,75,134,197,231],"same":[36,49,114,181,185],"system.":[37,80,247],"In":[38,81,214],"other":[39,104],"words,":[40],"enrollment":[42,64],"test":[44,72],"belong":[46,116],"to":[47,56,92,117,127,225],"class.":[50],"However,":[51],"it":[52,239],"is":[53,90,132,191],"sometimes":[54],"important":[55],"score":[57,93],"trials":[58,222,229],"including":[59],"\u201cheterogeneous\u201d":[60],"for":[62],"instance,":[63],"an":[68],"old":[69,233],"system,":[70,234],"newer,":[77],"more":[78],"accurate,":[79,194],"this":[82],"paper,":[83],"we":[84],"introduce":[85],"model":[88,190],"able":[91],"heterogeneous":[94,221],"independent":[96],"their":[98],"extraction":[99],"approach,":[100,143],"dimensions,":[101],"any":[103],"characteristics":[105],"make":[107],"set":[109,202],"different":[118],"classes.":[119],"The":[120,160,188],"new":[121,246],"model,":[122],"which":[123,144],"will":[124],"be":[125],"referred":[126],"as":[128,195],"nonlinear":[129,141,155,167],"tied-PLDA":[130],"(NL-Tied-PLDA),":[131],"obtained":[133,251],"generalization":[136,161],"our":[138],"recently":[139],"proposed":[140],"jointly":[145],"estimates":[146],"parameters":[149,152],"transformation":[156,168],"i-vectors.":[159],"consists":[162],"estimating":[164],"class-dependent":[166],"with":[172,223],"constraint":[174],"transformed":[177],"share":[183],"factor.":[187],"resulting":[189],"flexible":[192],"assessed":[196],"results":[199,219,249],"experiments":[204],"performed":[205],"extended":[208],"core":[209,255],"NIST":[210,256],"SRE":[211,257],"2012":[212],"evaluation.":[213],"particular,":[215],"NL-Tied-PLDA":[216],"provides":[217],"better":[218],"respect":[224],"corresponding":[227],"homogeneous":[228],"scored":[230],"and,":[235],"in":[236],"some":[237],"configurations,":[238],"also":[240],"reaches":[241],"accuracy":[243],"Similar":[248],"were":[250],"female-extended":[254],"2010":[258],"telephone":[259],"condition.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
