{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2773215876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2017.2782487","title":"Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Using Multiple Orthogonal PN Sequences and Variable Embedding Strengths and Polarities","display_name":"Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Using Multiple Orthogonal PN Sequences and Variable Embedding Strengths and Polarities","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2773215876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2017.2782487","mag":"2773215876"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2017.2782487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2017.2782487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Spread_spectrum_audio_watermarking_using_multiple_orthogonal_PN_sequences_and_variable_embedding_strengths_and_polarities/20819479","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051297830","display_name":"Yong Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3545-7863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3545-7863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004146766","display_name":"Iynkaran Natgunanathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4215-000X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iynkaran Natgunanathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4215-000X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027770821","display_name":"Dezhong Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0987-8472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dezhong Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Intelligence Laboratory, College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0987-8472","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Intelligence Laboratory, College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068604294","display_name":"Guang Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-4359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-4359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461646","display_name":"Bo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3603-6617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3603-6617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1406,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95294944,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"529","last_page":"539"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.9594895839691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.770626425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.7342745661735535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.7166018486022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6605952382087708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-signal","display_name":"Audio signal","score":0.6114635467529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spread-spectrum","display_name":"Spread spectrum","score":0.5083066821098328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4348805546760559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33549627661705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-coding","display_name":"Speech coding","score":0.26805153489112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25766438245773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.171311616897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.11194896697998047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.9594895839691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.770626425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.7342745661735535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.7166018486022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6605952382087708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64922751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4650799","display_name":"Audio signal","level":3,"score":0.6114635467529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.5083066821098328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4348805546760559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33549627661705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13895895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3270773","display_name":"Speech coding","level":2,"score":0.26805153489112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25766438245773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.171311616897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.11194896697998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2017.2782487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2017.2782487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30109647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402457","display_name":"Deakin Research Online (Deakin University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20819479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Spread_spectrum_audio_watermarking_using_multiple_orthogonal_PN_sequences_and_variable_embedding_strengths_and_polarities/20819479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20819479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Spread_spectrum_audio_watermarking_using_multiple_orthogonal_PN_sequences_and_variable_embedding_strengths_and_polarities/20819479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485732691","https://openalex.org/W1519471955","https://openalex.org/W1542103719","https://openalex.org/W1969548092","https://openalex.org/W1972502716","https://openalex.org/W1997697582","https://openalex.org/W2017300999","https://openalex.org/W2019829208","https://openalex.org/W2022403273","https://openalex.org/W2032934064","https://openalex.org/W2041007040","https://openalex.org/W2056174749","https://openalex.org/W2065298314","https://openalex.org/W2070881099","https://openalex.org/W2079736071","https://openalex.org/W2097111625","https://openalex.org/W2099441101","https://openalex.org/W2116467012","https://openalex.org/W2124355377","https://openalex.org/W2126270135","https://openalex.org/W2146554527","https://openalex.org/W2150879556","https://openalex.org/W2151583613","https://openalex.org/W2154487873","https://openalex.org/W2160921333","https://openalex.org/W2261375533","https://openalex.org/W2315815075","https://openalex.org/W2541618035","https://openalex.org/W2584982600","https://openalex.org/W4250310797","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6692250590"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2080353903","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Copyright":[0],"protection":[1],"of":[2,27,67,117],"audio":[3,14,29,58,72,85,109,121],"data":[4],"is":[5,16,91,112,124],"a":[6,17,25,55,64],"serious":[7],"problem":[8],"and":[9,43,98],"spread":[10],"spectrum":[11],"(SS)":[12],"based":[13],"watermarking":[15,30,59,86,110,122],"promising":[18],"technology":[19],"to":[20],"tackle":[21],"this":[22,51],"problem.":[23],"Although":[24],"number":[26,66],"SS-based":[28,57,120],"methods":[31],"have":[32],"been":[33],"reported":[34],"in":[35],"the":[36,47,76,83,88,107,118],"literature,":[37],"they":[38],"cannot":[39],"achieve":[40],"high":[41,103],"robustness":[42,77],"embedding":[44,104],"capacity":[45],"at":[46],"same":[48],"time.":[49],"In":[50],"paper,":[52],"we":[53],"propose":[54],"novel":[56],"method":[60,111,123],"that":[61],"can":[62],"embed":[63],"large":[65],"watermark":[68],"bits":[69],"into":[70],"an":[71],"signal":[73],"without":[74],"compromising":[75],"against":[78,94],"common":[79],"attacks.":[80],"Compared":[81],"with":[82],"existing":[84],"methods,":[87],"proposed":[89,119],"one":[90],"especially":[92],"robust":[93],"severe":[95],"noise":[96],"addition":[97],"compression":[99],"attacks,":[100],"while":[101],"achieving":[102],"capacity.":[105],"Moreover,":[106],"new":[108],"computationally":[113],"efficient.":[114],"The":[115],"validity":[116],"demonstrated":[125],"by":[126],"simulation":[127],"results.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
