{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2592513362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2017.2674966","title":"Nonlinear I-Vector Transformations for PLDA-Based Speaker Recognition","display_name":"Nonlinear I-Vector Transformations for PLDA-Based Speaker Recognition","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2592513362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2017.2674966","mag":"2592513362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2017.2674966","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2017.2674966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015516603","display_name":"Sandro Cumani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6036-0065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandro Cumani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","[Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico Di Torino, Torino, Italy]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico Di Torino, Torino, Italy]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023812879","display_name":"Pietro Laface","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2841-7695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Laface","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","[Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico Di Torino, Torino, Italy]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico Di Torino, Torino, Italy]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7913,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92421311,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"4","first_page":"908","last_page":"919"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9713000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.7841806411743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.7384549379348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6208950281143188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5955343246459961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.572783887386322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affine-transformation","display_name":"Affine transformation","score":0.5627334117889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5373254418373108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4690326452255249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.441881388425827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-normal-distribution","display_name":"Generalized normal distribution","score":0.4342007637023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.43174517154693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4241844117641449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.386268675327301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3737700283527374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal-distribution","display_name":"Normal distribution","score":0.3276624083518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1774435043334961}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7841806411743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.7384549379348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6208950281143188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5955343246459961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.572783887386322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92757383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382497","display_name":"Affine transformation","level":2,"score":0.5627334117889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5373254418373108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4690326452255249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.441881388425827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171383496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497477","display_name":"Generalized normal distribution","level":3,"score":0.4342007637023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.43174517154693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4241844117641449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.386268675327301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3737700283527374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102094743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133871","display_name":"Normal distribution","level":2,"score":0.3276624083518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1774435043334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2017.2674966","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2017.2674966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:porto.polito.it:2665443","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://porto.polito.it/2665443/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402038","display_name":"PORTO Publications Open Repository TOrino (Politecnico di Torino)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","host_organization_name":"Politecnico di Torino","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN:2329-9290","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.75,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1006777433","https://openalex.org/W1020150683","https://openalex.org/W1528954144","https://openalex.org/W1971758513","https://openalex.org/W2005136695","https://openalex.org/W2038210983","https://openalex.org/W2039057510","https://openalex.org/W2041823554","https://openalex.org/W2042938394","https://openalex.org/W2045246746","https://openalex.org/W2056641273","https://openalex.org/W2078409719","https://openalex.org/W2150769028","https://openalex.org/W2173092938","https://openalex.org/W2183016404","https://openalex.org/W2294814385","https://openalex.org/W2321219518","https://openalex.org/W2336627471","https://openalex.org/W2395069802","https://openalex.org/W2395750323","https://openalex.org/W2401027203","https://openalex.org/W2406312423","https://openalex.org/W2407857848","https://openalex.org/W2493361416","https://openalex.org/W2962853205","https://openalex.org/W4298164478","https://openalex.org/W6639916541","https://openalex.org/W6685376867","https://openalex.org/W6712094196"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072769933","https://openalex.org/W1981359679","https://openalex.org/W4313344354","https://openalex.org/W4283169561","https://openalex.org/W2130221871","https://openalex.org/W2419056419","https://openalex.org/W3106777427","https://openalex.org/W1594432845","https://openalex.org/W2086094787","https://openalex.org/W2912733426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,95],"paper":[1,124],"proposes":[2],"to":[3,33,77,88],"estimate":[4],"parametric":[5],"nonlinear":[6,106],"transformations":[7,107],"of":[8,58,100,103,122,128,141,155,166],"i-vectors":[9,29,45,80],"for":[10,49,146],"speaker":[11],"recognition":[12],"systems":[13],"based":[14],"on":[15,116,177],"probabilistic":[16],"linear":[17],"discriminant":[18],"analysis":[19],"(PLDA)":[20],"classification.":[21],"The":[22],"Gaussian":[23],"PLDA":[24,93],"model":[25],"assumes":[26],"that":[27,43,55,82],"the":[28,34,44,59,70,79,92,117,126,129,132,147,167,174,178,187,191],"are":[30,46,110],"distributed":[31],"according":[32],"standard":[35],"normal":[36],"distribution.":[37],"However,":[38],"it":[39],"has":[40],"been":[41],"shown":[42],"better":[47],"modeled,":[48],"example,":[50],"by":[51,65,98,112,139,153],"Heavy-Tailed":[52],"distributions,":[53],"and":[54,67,105,134,164,181,190],"significant":[56],"improvement":[57,161],"classification":[60],"performance":[61],"can":[62],"be":[63],"obtained":[64,111,172],"whitening":[66],"length":[68,137,158],"normalizing":[69],"i-vectors.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73,123],"paper,":[74],"we":[75],"propose":[76],"transform":[78],"so":[81],"their":[83],"distribution":[84],"becomes":[85],"more":[86],"suitable":[87],"discriminate":[89],"speakers":[90],"using":[91,185],"model.":[94],"is":[96,125],"performed":[97],"means":[99,140,154],"a":[101,142,156],"sequence":[102],"affine":[104],"whose":[108],"parameters":[109],"maximum":[113],"likelihood":[114],"estimation":[115],"development":[118,133],"set.":[119],"Another":[120],"contribution":[121],"reduction":[127],"mismatch":[130],"between":[131,162],"evaluation":[135,183],"i-vector":[136,149],"distributions":[138],"scaling":[143],"factor":[144],"tuned":[145],"estimated":[148],"distribution,":[150],"rather":[151],"than":[152],"blind":[157],"normalization.":[159],"Relative":[160],"7%":[163],"14%":[165],"detection":[168],"cost":[169],"function":[170],"was":[171],"with":[173],"proposed":[175],"technique":[176],"NIST":[179],"SRE-2010":[180],"SRE-2012":[182],"datasets,":[184],"both":[186],"traditional":[188],"GMM/UBM":[189],"hybrid":[192],"DNN/GMM-based":[193],"systems.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
