{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2488120195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2016.2594383","title":"A Loss-Augmented Approach to Training Syntactic Machine Translation Systems","display_name":"A Loss-Augmented Approach to Training Syntactic Machine Translation Systems","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2488120195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2016.2594383","mag":"2488120195"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2016.2594383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2016.2594383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100600701","display_name":"Tong Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5842-6501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tong Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101468579","display_name":"Derek F. Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5307-7322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek F. Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370155","display_name":"Jingbo Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6537-7007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingbo Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100600701"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5708,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91765161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"11","first_page":"2069","last_page":"2083"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8640279173851013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bleu","display_name":"BLEU","score":0.8494669198989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.7883967161178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.7061443328857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.7059741020202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6788793802261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6712256073951721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-search","display_name":"Beam search","score":0.6191758513450623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6108126044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.525290846824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.46939602494239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.41355836391448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.37994351983070374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2137918770313263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-algorithm","display_name":"Search algorithm","score":0.17100995779037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.11335471272468567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08234119415283203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8640279173851013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C622187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3500773","display_name":"BLEU","level":3,"score":0.8494669198989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7883967161178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.7061443328857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7059741020202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6788793802261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6712256073951721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19889080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835852","display_name":"Beam search","level":3,"score":0.6191758513450623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6108126044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.525290846824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.46939602494239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41355836391448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.37994351983070374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2137918770313263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.17100995779037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.11335471272468567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08234119415283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2016.2594383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2016.2594383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1237549942","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"057/2014/A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Macau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3381430404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61300097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4258561945","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MYRG2015-00175-FST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Macau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4879978228","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61272376","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G545337727","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61432013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321655","display_name":"Science and Technology Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/044vr6g03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","display_name":"Universidade de Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323893","display_name":"Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/05vna4324"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10731371","https://openalex.org/W91928571","https://openalex.org/W108437174","https://openalex.org/W162171320","https://openalex.org/W1489409710","https://openalex.org/W1510052640","https://openalex.org/W1529616844","https://openalex.org/W1551202288","https://openalex.org/W1603508585","https://openalex.org/W1970961429","https://openalex.org/W1979495315","https://openalex.org/W2006969979","https://openalex.org/W2020431608","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2056457557","https://openalex.org/W2076749875","https://openalex.org/W2078861931","https://openalex.org/W2096557251","https://openalex.org/W2100238596","https://openalex.org/W2100281225","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2103149536","https://openalex.org/W2103908257","https://openalex.org/W2105961775","https://openalex.org/W2112648537","https://openalex.org/W2112900913","https://openalex.org/W2113104171","https://openalex.org/W2114396466","https://openalex.org/W2115410424","https://openalex.org/W2116983617","https://openalex.org/W2117729721","https://openalex.org/W2126270798","https://openalex.org/W2126610017","https://openalex.org/W2127163275","https://openalex.org/W2137143056","https://openalex.org/W2140343992","https://openalex.org/W2143008661","https://openalex.org/W2143564602","https://openalex.org/W2144279206","https://openalex.org/W2145033586","https://openalex.org/W2146574666","https://openalex.org/W2149327368","https://openalex.org/W2152263452","https://openalex.org/W2153653739","https://openalex.org/W2154124206","https://openalex.org/W2158195707","https://openalex.org/W2159358338","https://openalex.org/W2159474889","https://openalex.org/W2163548102","https://openalex.org/W2164454850","https://openalex.org/W2165666205","https://openalex.org/W2180952760","https://openalex.org/W2250431384","https://openalex.org/W2251299219","https://openalex.org/W2251428653","https://openalex.org/W2252102852","https://openalex.org/W2294378299","https://openalex.org/W2331071225","https://openalex.org/W2437005631","https://openalex.org/W2567948266","https://openalex.org/W2727254520","https://openalex.org/W2791177604","https://openalex.org/W3015789953","https://openalex.org/W3170731508","https://openalex.org/W6600436803","https://openalex.org/W6603713578","https://openalex.org/W6604455236","https://openalex.org/W6606507723","https://openalex.org/W6629052487","https://openalex.org/W6630465734","https://openalex.org/W6632758035","https://openalex.org/W6635911828","https://openalex.org/W6652311901","https://openalex.org/W6655465448","https://openalex.org/W6670363545","https://openalex.org/W6674743151","https://openalex.org/W6674906861","https://openalex.org/W6676709841","https://openalex.org/W6677498827","https://openalex.org/W6678933927","https://openalex.org/W6679087612","https://openalex.org/W6682759559","https://openalex.org/W6683482931","https://openalex.org/W6684163695","https://openalex.org/W6685952046","https://openalex.org/W6691608325","https://openalex.org/W6691608789","https://openalex.org/W6691765192","https://openalex.org/W6740148928","https://openalex.org/W6797027845","https://openalex.org/W6898505805","https://openalex.org/W7048738093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099607809","https://openalex.org/W2518299649","https://openalex.org/W2395641992","https://openalex.org/W3021126373","https://openalex.org/W2341457423","https://openalex.org/W1915251500","https://openalex.org/W2807475932","https://openalex.org/W4280571180","https://openalex.org/W3066373881","https://openalex.org/W2903057408"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"syntactic":[1,129],"machine":[2],"translation":[3,20,139],"(MT)":[4],"systems":[5],"implicitly":[6],"use":[7],"beam-width":[8,25,100],"unlimited":[9],"search":[10,120],"in":[11,30,39,84,104],"learning":[12],"model":[13,80],"parameters":[14],"(e.g.,":[15],"feature":[16],"values":[17],"for":[18],"each":[19],"rule).":[21],"However,":[22],"a":[23,85,92,108,127],"limited":[24,99],"has":[26],"to":[27,113],"be":[28],"adopted":[29,59],"decoding":[31],"new":[32],"sentences,":[33],"and":[34,48,63,65,72,101,106,121,137],"the":[35,56,67,81,98,115],"MT":[36,73,130],"output":[37],"is":[38],"general":[40],"evaluated":[41],"by":[42,132],"various":[43],"metrics,":[44],"such":[45],"as":[46],"BLEU":[47,134,150],"TER.":[49,163],"In":[50],"this":[51],"paper,":[52],"we":[53,79],"address:":[54],"1)":[55],"mismatch":[57,68],"of":[58,69],"beam-widths":[60],"between":[61],"training":[62,70,87,146],"decoding;":[64],"2)":[66],"criteria":[71],"evaluation":[74,102],"metrics.":[75],"Unlike":[76],"previous":[77,145],"work,":[78],"two":[82],"problems":[83],"single":[86],"paradigm":[88],"simultaneously.":[89],"We":[90],"design":[91],"loss-augmented":[93],"approach":[94,125,160],"that":[95],"explicitly":[96],"considers":[97],"metric":[103],"training,":[105],"present":[107],"simple":[109],"but":[110],"effective":[111],"method":[112],"learn":[114],"model.":[116],"By":[117],"using":[118],"beam":[119],"BLEU-related":[122],"losses,":[123],"our":[124,159],"improves":[126],"state-of-the-art":[128],"system":[131],"+1.0":[133],"on":[135],"Chinese-to-English":[136],"English-to-Chinese":[138],"tasks.":[140],"It":[141],"even":[142],"outperforms":[143],"seven":[144],"approaches":[147],"over":[148],"0.8":[149],"points.":[151],"More":[152],"interestingly,":[153],"promising":[154],"improvements":[155],"are":[156],"observed":[157],"when":[158],"works":[161],"with":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}