{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2240718643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2015.2506269","title":"Directivity Factors of the First-Order Steerable Differential Array With Microphone Mismatches: Deterministic and Worst-Case Analysis","display_name":"Directivity Factors of the First-Order Steerable Differential Array With Microphone Mismatches: Deterministic and Worst-Case Analysis","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2240718643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2015.2506269","mag":"2240718643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2015.2506269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2015.2506269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112801766","display_name":"Xiaoguang Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoguang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100704485","display_name":"Huawei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5020-3012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huawei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1599,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79901087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"300","last_page":"315"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10822","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone","display_name":"Microphone","score":0.8310699462890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directivity","display_name":"Directivity","score":0.7100344896316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6614856719970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone-array","display_name":"Microphone array","score":0.6384038925170898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.5850550532341003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5528784990310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.4698794186115265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.42238038778305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3248134255409241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2944011390209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18316790461540222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loudspeaker","display_name":"Loudspeaker","score":0.17504945397377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.06629562377929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.0656534731388092}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.8310699462890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189039984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8225412","display_name":"Directivity","level":3,"score":0.7100344896316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6614856719970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778806681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907293","display_name":"Microphone array","level":4,"score":0.6384038925170898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5850550532341003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5528784990310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.4698794186115265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.42238038778305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3248134255409241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2944011390209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18316790461540222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157138929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570","display_name":"Loudspeaker","level":2,"score":0.17504945397377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.06629562377929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0656534731388092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2015.2506269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2015.2506269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6769886567","display_name":"\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u4e00\u9636\u548c\u9ad8\u9636\u8c10\u6ce2\u58f0\u573a\u5206\u6790\u58f0\u6e90\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61471190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513673531","https://openalex.org/W1791694204","https://openalex.org/W1898225171","https://openalex.org/W1992828010","https://openalex.org/W2003582678","https://openalex.org/W2027548235","https://openalex.org/W2035511673","https://openalex.org/W2036517443","https://openalex.org/W2039624997","https://openalex.org/W2061074721","https://openalex.org/W2093229770","https://openalex.org/W2096521999","https://openalex.org/W2098295417","https://openalex.org/W2113250153","https://openalex.org/W2115753404","https://openalex.org/W2125872840","https://openalex.org/W2155802826","https://openalex.org/W2164057579","https://openalex.org/W2397700649","https://openalex.org/W2499048335","https://openalex.org/W2513859431","https://openalex.org/W6638381168","https://openalex.org/W6674491044","https://openalex.org/W6712829417"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048044053","https://openalex.org/W2037537113","https://openalex.org/W2363262371","https://openalex.org/W2356582027","https://openalex.org/W1879255185","https://openalex.org/W2305431773","https://openalex.org/W2120442551","https://openalex.org/W2769861442","https://openalex.org/W1980506188","https://openalex.org/W2084804419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,34,58,150],"known":[2],"that":[3,129],"differential":[4,29],"microphone":[5,10,18,69,78],"arrays":[6],"are":[7,89,92],"sensitive":[8],"to":[9,94,118],"mismatches.":[11],"This":[12],"paper":[13],"studies":[14],"the":[15,21,26,53,56,83,97,101,139,145,148],"effects":[16],"of":[17,25,40,55,100,141,147],"mismatches":[19],"on":[20,82,144],"directivity":[22],"factor":[23],"(DF)":[24],"first-order":[27],"steerable":[28],"array":[30,120],"(FOSDA)":[31],"whose":[32],"response":[33],"constructed":[35],"by":[36,104],"a":[37,47,64,73,109,130],"linear":[38],"combination":[39],"monopole":[41],"and":[42,72,122],"two":[43,61],"orthogonal":[44],"dipoles":[45],"via":[46],"small":[48],"four-microphone":[49],"array.":[50],"In":[51,137],"particular,":[52],"DF":[54,132,146],"FOSDA":[57,114,149],"studied":[59],"from":[60],"perspectives,":[62],"i.e.,":[63,116],"deterministic":[65,68],"analysis":[66,75],"for":[67,76,112],"gain/phase":[70,79],"errors,":[71],"worst-case":[74,105],"uncertain":[77],"errors.":[80],"Based":[81],"theoretical":[84],"analysis,":[85,106],"several":[86],"interesting":[87],"properties":[88],"revealed,":[90],"which":[91],"helpful":[93],"better":[95],"understand":[96],"robustness":[98],"characteristics":[99,127],"FOSDA.":[102],"Moreover,":[103],"it":[107],"provides":[108],"useful":[110],"guidance":[111],"robust":[113],"design,":[115],"how":[117],"determine":[119],"size":[121],"select":[123],"microphones":[124],"with":[125],"required":[126],"such":[128],"desired":[131],"value":[133],"can":[134],"be":[135],"guaranteed.":[136],"addition,":[138],"effect":[140],"sensor":[142],"self-noise":[143],"also":[151],"discussed.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}