{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000216676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2014.2377580","title":"Learning Semantic Hierarchies: A Continuous Vector Space Approach","display_name":"Learning Semantic Hierarchies: A Continuous Vector Space Approach","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000216676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2014.2377580","mag":"2000216676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2014.2377580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2014.2377580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102364010","display_name":"Ruiji Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruiji Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","iFLytek Co, Ltd, Hefei, China and School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"iFLytek Co, Ltd, Hefei, China and School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101455522","display_name":"Jiang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9816-805X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","School of Computer science and technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer science and technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017671620","display_name":"Bing Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2543-5604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","School of Computer science and technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer science and technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019108029","display_name":"Wanxiang Che","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3907-0335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanxiang Che","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","School of Computer science and technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer science and technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100386394","display_name":"Haifeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-7468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haifeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Inc., Beijing, China","Baidu. Inc, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu. Inc, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100418120","display_name":"Ting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8904-8796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","School of Computer science and technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer science and technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102364010"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5608,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93543567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"461","last_page":"471"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.7765805721282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7227657437324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6604814529418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6480207443237305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6321697235107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.6181170344352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5666207075119019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5613357424736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-similarity","display_name":"Semantic similarity","score":0.542691707611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.5209744572639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5150442123413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-space","display_name":"Vector space","score":0.49685409665107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-space","display_name":"Semantic space","score":0.4785890579223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4785780906677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.44378286600112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.4322047531604767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.32854607701301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18221724033355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.16191425919532776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.7765805721282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7227657437324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6604814529418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6480207443237305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6321697235107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.6181170344352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5666207075119019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5613357424736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.542691707611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.5209744572639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5150442123413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13336665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125977","display_name":"Vector space","level":2,"score":0.49685409665107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986420190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39045939","display_name":"Semantic space","level":2,"score":0.4785890579223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4785780906677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.44378286600112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.4322047531604767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.32854607701301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18221724033355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.16191425919532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taslp.2014.2377580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2014.2377580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169297","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"2329-9290","issn":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.696.3150","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.696.3150","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ir.hit.edu.cn/%7Ecar/papers/ieee2015.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321940","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71795751","https://openalex.org/W126404662","https://openalex.org/W141602984","https://openalex.org/W1527478795","https://openalex.org/W1594423833","https://openalex.org/W1606156961","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1966907789","https://openalex.org/W1979625042","https://openalex.org/W2002664886","https://openalex.org/W2020024436","https://openalex.org/W2037942319","https://openalex.org/W2068737686","https://openalex.org/W2076094076","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2100258351","https://openalex.org/W2103305545","https://openalex.org/W2109830295","https://openalex.org/W2114544510","https://openalex.org/W2116343275","https://openalex.org/W2117873705","https://openalex.org/W2124714252","https://openalex.org/W2129625650","https://openalex.org/W2130325614","https://openalex.org/W2131253837","https://openalex.org/W2131462252","https://openalex.org/W2131571251","https://openalex.org/W2132339004","https://openalex.org/W2133413932","https://openalex.org/W2138243089","https://openalex.org/W2141125852","https://openalex.org/W2141599568","https://openalex.org/W2142086811","https://openalex.org/W2144108169","https://openalex.org/W2147768505","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2158139315","https://openalex.org/W2158899491","https://openalex.org/W2166560332","https://openalex.org/W2168565044","https://openalex.org/W2250189634","https://openalex.org/W2401961673","https://openalex.org/W2405762604","https://openalex.org/W2407160479","https://openalex.org/W2595697910","https://openalex.org/W2951193962","https://openalex.org/W2951781666","https://openalex.org/W2952230511","https://openalex.org/W4206371303","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W6602989467","https://openalex.org/W6605109442","https://openalex.org/W6605696490","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6675525543","https://openalex.org/W6677674009","https://openalex.org/W6678644258","https://openalex.org/W6679224782","https://openalex.org/W6679376003","https://openalex.org/W6679713772","https://openalex.org/W6680402377","https://openalex.org/W6680890276","https://openalex.org/W6681167678","https://openalex.org/W6682691769","https://openalex.org/W6683557909","https://openalex.org/W6683738474","https://openalex.org/W6684262673","https://openalex.org/W6713553520","https://openalex.org/W6713581661","https://openalex.org/W6713795828"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286432911","https://openalex.org/W2911655849","https://openalex.org/W2966570129","https://openalex.org/W3099449837","https://openalex.org/W3140002740","https://openalex.org/W3134737443","https://openalex.org/W2953242939","https://openalex.org/W4292355215","https://openalex.org/W2798669739","https://openalex.org/W2612746495"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semantic":[0],"hierarchy":[1,108],"construction":[2,37],"aims":[3],"to":[4,55,115],"build":[5],"structures":[6],"of":[7,24,38,46,87],"concepts":[8],"linked":[9],"by":[10,72],"hypernym-hyponym":[11,70],"(\u201cis-a\u201d)":[12],"relations.":[13,26],"A":[14],"major":[15],"challenge":[16],"for":[17,35],"this":[18],"task":[19],"is":[20],"the":[21,36,57,74,90],"automatic":[22],"discovery":[23],"such":[25],"This":[27],"paper":[28],"proposes":[29],"a":[30,65,94,104],"novel":[31],"and":[32,80],"effective":[33],"method":[34,102,110],"semantic":[39,58,76],"hierarchies":[40],"based":[41],"on":[42,93],"continuous":[43],"vector":[44],"representation":[45],"words,":[47],"named":[48],"word":[49,67],"embeddings,":[50],"which":[51],"can":[52,111],"be":[53],"used":[54],"measure":[56],"relationship":[59],"between":[60,78],"words.":[61],"We":[62],"identify":[63],"whether":[64],"candidate":[66],"pair":[68],"has":[69],"relation":[71],"using":[73],"word-embedding-based":[75],"projections":[77],"words":[79],"their":[81],"hypernyms.":[82],"Our":[83],"result,":[84],"an":[85],"F-score":[86,114],"73.74%,":[88],"outperforms":[89],"state-of-the-art":[91],"methods":[92],"manually":[95,106],"labeled":[96],"test":[97],"dataset.":[98],"Moreover,":[99],"combining":[100],"our":[101],"with":[103],"previous":[105],"built":[107],"extension":[109],"further":[112],"improve":[113],"80.29%.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}