{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154892601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2013.2248722","title":"Eigentriphones for Context-Dependent Acoustic Modeling","display_name":"Eigentriphones for Context-Dependent Acoustic Modeling","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154892601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2013.2248722","mag":"2154892601"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tasl.2013.2248722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2013.2248722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199497470","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"1558-7916","issn":["1558-7916","1558-7924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-57938/1/57938_1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038062913","display_name":"Tom Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5324-8961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059141717","display_name":"Brian Mak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-5555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3809,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94503093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"1285","last_page":"1294"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7792166471481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.7530472874641418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7080032229423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.6240637898445129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tying","display_name":"Tying","score":0.5334123969078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.48145073652267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timit","display_name":"TIMIT","score":0.47638338804244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4698060154914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40333664417266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14319661259651184}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7792166471481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.7530472874641418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7080032229423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.6240637898445129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780938662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q973710","display_name":"Tying","level":2,"score":0.5334123969078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.48145073652267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778724510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7670405","display_name":"TIMIT","level":3,"score":0.47638338804244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4698060154914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40333664417266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14319661259651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tasl.2013.2248722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2013.2248722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199497470","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"1558-7916","issn":["1558-7916","1558-7924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-57938","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://lbdiscover.ust.hk/uresolver?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/HKUST:SPI&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1558-7916&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.date=2013&rft.spage=1285&rft.aulast=Ko&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.atitle=Eigentriphones%20for%20Context-Dependent%20Acoustic%20Modeling&rft.title=IEEE%20Transactions%20on%20Audio%2C%20Speech%2C%20and%20Language%20Processing","pdf_url":"http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-57938/1/57938_1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-57938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-57938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-57938","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://lbdiscover.ust.hk/uresolver?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/HKUST:SPI&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1558-7916&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.date=2013&rft.spage=1285&rft.aulast=Ko&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.atitle=Eigentriphones%20for%20Context-Dependent%20Acoustic%20Modeling&rft.title=IEEE%20Transactions%20on%20Audio%2C%20Speech%2C%20and%20Language%20Processing","pdf_url":"http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-57938/1/57938_1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2154892601.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2154892601.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107086600","https://openalex.org/W206545267","https://openalex.org/W1521184473","https://openalex.org/W1631260214","https://openalex.org/W1805340023","https://openalex.org/W1982309858","https://openalex.org/W2024490156","https://openalex.org/W2044223162","https://openalex.org/W2045956438","https://openalex.org/W2047098820","https://openalex.org/W2101965210","https://openalex.org/W2116952749","https://openalex.org/W2121178390","https://openalex.org/W2142873456","https://openalex.org/W2147794814","https://openalex.org/W2151402979","https://openalex.org/W2154226865","https://openalex.org/W2158069733","https://openalex.org/W2160510045","https://openalex.org/W2162271246","https://openalex.org/W2165108269","https://openalex.org/W2405215422","https://openalex.org/W3113819781","https://openalex.org/W4236088841","https://openalex.org/W6636811518","https://openalex.org/W6661216905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136763963","https://openalex.org/W2155033763","https://openalex.org/W3134920593","https://openalex.org/W2109705048","https://openalex.org/W2940588515","https://openalex.org/W2153098279","https://openalex.org/W2143247386","https://openalex.org/W1990589093","https://openalex.org/W1909151225","https://openalex.org/W2071828724"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"automatic":[1],"speech":[2,177],"recognizers":[3],"employ":[4],"tied-state":[5,147],"triphone":[6,15,80,89,114,132],"hidden":[7],"Markov":[8],"models":[9,90],"(HMM),":[10],"in":[11,72,86,92,121,190,198,202],"which":[12,38,87],"the":[13,18,30,47,53,66,122,126,155,171,188,191],"corresponding":[14],"states":[16],"of":[17,32,49,55,157,161],"same":[19,67,192],"base":[20,104],"phone":[21,105,107,168],"are":[22,69,116],"tied.":[23],"State":[24],"tying":[25,58,200],"is":[26,97],"commonly":[27],"performed":[28],"with":[29,52],"use":[31],"a":[33,78],"phonetic":[34,193],"regression":[35,194],"class":[36,195],"tree":[37,196],"renders":[39],"robust":[40],"context-dependent":[41],"modeling":[42,81,85],"possible":[43],"by":[44,125,187],"carefully":[45],"balancing":[46],"amount":[48],"training":[50],"data":[51],"degree":[54],"tying.":[56],"However,":[57],"inevitably":[59],"introduces":[60],"quantization":[61],"error:":[62],"triphones":[63,112],"tied":[64],"to":[65,98],"state":[68,184,199],"not":[70],"distinguishable":[71],"that":[73,131,180],"state.":[74],"Recently":[75],"we":[76,152],"proposed":[77],"new":[79],"approach":[82],"called":[83],"eigentriphone":[84],"all":[88,110],"are,":[91],"general,":[93],"distinct.":[94],"The":[95],"idea":[96],"create":[99],"an":[100],"eigenbasis":[101],"for":[102],"each":[103],"(or":[106,113],"state)":[108],"and":[109,170],"its":[111],"states)":[115],"represented":[117],"as":[118,143,145],"distinct":[119],"points":[120],"space":[123],"spanned":[124],"basis.":[127],"We":[128],"have":[129],"shown":[130],"HMMs":[133],"trained":[134],"using":[135],"model-based":[136],"or":[137],"state-based":[138],"eigentriphones":[139,158,181],"perform":[140],"at":[141],"least":[142],"well":[144],"conventional":[146],"HMMs.":[148],"In":[149],"this":[150],"paper,":[151],"further":[153,203],"generalize":[154],"definition":[156],"over":[159],"clusters":[160,185],"acoustic":[162],"units.":[163],"Our":[164],"experiments":[165],"on":[166],"TIMIT":[167],"recognition":[169,178],"Wall":[172],"Street":[173],"Journal":[174],"5K-vocabulary":[175],"continuous":[176],"show":[179],"estimated":[182],"from":[183],"defined":[186],"nodes":[189],"used":[197],"result":[201],"performance":[204],"gain.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
