{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010258340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2012.2186290","title":"Analysis of Large-Scale SVM Training Algorithms for Language and Speaker Recognition","display_name":"Analysis of Large-Scale SVM Training Algorithms for Language and Speaker Recognition","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010258340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2012.2186290","mag":"2010258340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tasl.2012.2186290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2012.2186290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199497470","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"1558-7916","issn":["1558-7916","1558-7924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://porto.polito.it/2496064/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015516603","display_name":"Sandro Cumani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6036-0065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandro Cumani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","Dipt. di Autom. e Inf., Politec. di Torino, Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipt. di Autom. e Inf., Politec. di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023812879","display_name":"Pietro Laface","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2841-7695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Laface","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","Dipt. di Autom. e Inf., Politec. di Torino, Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipt. di Autom. e Inf., Politec. di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7843,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94764248,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"1585","last_page":"1596"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7913890480995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7743018865585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.773838996887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.620224118232727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-recognition","display_name":"Speaker recognition","score":0.6174393892288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6032445430755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.6015843749046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.553644597530365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5387699604034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5329939126968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.45896482467651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-set","display_name":"Test set","score":0.4570877254009247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41522324085235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41123831272125244}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7913890480995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7743018865585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.773838996887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.620224118232727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133892786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker recognition","level":2,"score":0.6174393892288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6032445430755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6015843749046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.553644597530365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5387699604034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5329939126968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45896482467651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.4570877254009247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41522324085235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41123831272125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tasl.2012.2186290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2012.2186290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199497470","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"1558-7916","issn":["1558-7916","1558-7924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:porto.polito.it:2496064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://porto.polito.it/2496064/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402038","display_name":"PORTO Publications Open Repository TOrino (Politecnico di Torino)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","host_organization_name":"Politecnico di Torino","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN:1558-7916","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:porto.polito.it:2496064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://porto.polito.it/2496064/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402038","display_name":"PORTO Publications Open Repository TOrino (Politecnico di Torino)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","host_organization_name":"Politecnico di Torino","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN:1558-7916","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313985","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322748","display_name":"Vysok\u00e9 U\u010den\u00ed Technick\u00e9 v Brn\u011b","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59621148","https://openalex.org/W111477576","https://openalex.org/W166909741","https://openalex.org/W1558802035","https://openalex.org/W1574862351","https://openalex.org/W1604938182","https://openalex.org/W1993482042","https://openalex.org/W2005688170","https://openalex.org/W2027286570","https://openalex.org/W2035720976","https://openalex.org/W2036839716","https://openalex.org/W2038550700","https://openalex.org/W2041823554","https://openalex.org/W2070771761","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2100546383","https://openalex.org/W2101261946","https://openalex.org/W2107528709","https://openalex.org/W2107638917","https://openalex.org/W2112530506","https://openalex.org/W2115364117","https://openalex.org/W2121812409","https://openalex.org/W2123768812","https://openalex.org/W2128383159","https://openalex.org/W2130633305","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2139451965","https://openalex.org/W2139634554","https://openalex.org/W2142623206","https://openalex.org/W2144760012","https://openalex.org/W2146194791","https://openalex.org/W2150769028","https://openalex.org/W2162042658","https://openalex.org/W2165966284","https://openalex.org/W2172287020","https://openalex.org/W2406312423","https://openalex.org/W3141593045","https://openalex.org/W6602441993","https://openalex.org/W6606854249","https://openalex.org/W6633523743","https://openalex.org/W6677054210","https://openalex.org/W6713727690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158491338","https://openalex.org/W2807901368","https://openalex.org/W2133733652","https://openalex.org/W2072658171","https://openalex.org/W2606392311","https://openalex.org/W2320042380","https://openalex.org/W4385956668","https://openalex.org/W2900895161","https://openalex.org/W2118039276","https://openalex.org/W2914064142"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"compares":[2],"a":[3,42,76,144,167],"set":[4,131],"of":[5,38,44,51,65,81,101,121,156],"large":[6,62],"scale":[7,126],"support":[8],"vector":[9],"machine":[10],"(SVM)":[11],"training":[12,25,46,130],"algorithms":[13,67,103,123],"for":[14,24,31],"language":[15,32],"and":[16,27,56],"speaker":[17,72,89],"recognition":[18,73],"tasks.":[19],"We":[20,34],"analyze":[21],"five":[22],"approaches":[23,40],"phonetic":[26],"acoustic":[28],"SVM":[29,77,169],"models":[30],"recognition.":[33],"compare":[35],"the":[36,45,87,99,115,129,153,157],"performance":[37,148],"these":[39,66,102,122],"as":[41,83],"function":[43],"time":[47,116],"required":[48,117],"by":[49],"each":[50],"them":[52],"to":[53,74,86,91,114,118,137],"reach":[54],"convergence,":[55],"we":[57],"discuss":[58],"their":[59,139],"scalability":[60],"towards":[61],"corpora.":[63],"Two":[64],"can":[68],"be":[69],"used":[70],"in":[71,152],"train":[75],"that":[78,98],"classifies":[79],"pairs":[80],"utterances":[82],"either":[84],"belonging":[85],"same":[88],"or":[90],"two":[92],"different":[93,110],"speakers.":[94],"Our":[95],"results":[96,141],"show":[97],"accuracy":[100],"is":[104],"asymptotically":[105],"equivalent,":[106],"but":[107,133],"they":[108],"have":[109],"behavior":[111],"with":[112,128],"respect":[113],"converge.":[119],"Some":[120],"not":[124],"only":[125],"linearly":[127],"size,":[132],"are":[134],"also":[135],"able":[136],"give":[138],"best":[140],"after":[142],"just":[143],"few":[145],"iterations.":[146],"State-of-the-art":[147],"has":[149],"been":[150],"obtained":[151],"female":[154],"subset":[155],"NIST":[158],"2010":[159],"Speaker":[160],"Recognition":[161],"Evaluation":[162],"extended":[163],"core":[164],"test":[165],"using":[166],"single":[168],"system.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}