{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2034790279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2011.2162403","title":"A Word-Based Na\u00efve Bayes Classifier for Confidence Estimation in Speech Recognition","display_name":"A Word-Based Na\u00efve Bayes Classifier for Confidence Estimation in Speech Recognition","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2034790279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2011.2162403","mag":"2034790279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tasl.2011.2162403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2011.2162403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199497470","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"1558-7916","issn":["1558-7916","1558-7924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10251/36083","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054332728","display_name":"Albert Sanch\u00eds","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134847","display_name":"Centro Tecnol\u00f3gico de Investigaci\u00f3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00f3n en tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y las Comunicaciones (TIC)","ror":"https://ror.org/02s69db58","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Sanchis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos y Computaci\u00f3n, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","Dept. de Sist. Informaticos y Comput., Univ. Politec. de Valencia, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos y Computaci\u00f3n, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847","https://openalex.org/I60053951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. de Sist. Informaticos y Comput., Univ. Politec. de Valencia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040605861","display_name":"Alfons Juan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9984-4072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134847","display_name":"Centro Tecnol\u00f3gico de Investigaci\u00f3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00f3n en tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y las Comunicaciones (TIC)","ror":"https://ror.org/02s69db58","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Juan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos y Computaci\u00f3n, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","Dept. de Sist. Informaticos y Comput., Univ. Politec. de Valencia, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos y Computaci\u00f3n, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847","https://openalex.org/I60053951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. de Sist. Informaticos y Comput., Univ. Politec. de Valencia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073107684","display_name":"Enrique Vidal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4579-5196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134847","display_name":"Centro Tecnol\u00f3gico de Investigaci\u00f3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00f3n en tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y las Comunicaciones (TIC)","ror":"https://ror.org/02s69db58","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Vidal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos y Computaci\u00f3n, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","Dept. de Sist. Informaticos y Comput., Univ. Politec. de Valencia, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos y Computaci\u00f3n, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847","https://openalex.org/I60053951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. de Sist. Informaticos y Comput., Univ. Politec. de Valencia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.451,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92745015,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.6571364998817444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6323588490486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.628144383430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayes-theorem","display_name":"Bayes' theorem","score":0.6155576109886169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6002695560455322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayes-classifier","display_name":"Bayes classifier","score":0.5931218862533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5748413801193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5513560175895691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posterior-probability","display_name":"Posterior probability","score":0.5303457379341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayes-error-rate","display_name":"Bayes error rate","score":0.4518798887729645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.44762346148490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3201488256454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3087264895439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.2151021957397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.10413715243339539}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.6571364998817444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6323588490486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.628144383430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207201462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182505","display_name":"Bayes' theorem","level":3,"score":0.6155576109886169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6002695560455322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185207860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17004744","display_name":"Bayes classifier","level":4,"score":0.5931218862533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5748413801193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5513560175895691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57830394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278079","display_name":"Posterior probability","level":3,"score":0.5303457379341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143809311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874458","display_name":"Bayes error rate","level":5,"score":0.4518798887729645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.44762346148490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3201488256454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3087264895439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.2151021957397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.10413715243339539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tasl.2011.2162403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2011.2162403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199497470","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"1558-7916","issn":["1558-7916","1558-7924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/36083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10251/36083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400639","display_name":"RiuNet (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/36083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10251/36083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400639","display_name":"RiuNet (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55333121","https://openalex.org/W88863145","https://openalex.org/W94829088","https://openalex.org/W107734602","https://openalex.org/W131542112","https://openalex.org/W153426542","https://openalex.org/W288176350","https://openalex.org/W1497026191","https://openalex.org/W1508594724","https://openalex.org/W1518070176","https://openalex.org/W1576630491","https://openalex.org/W1596940414","https://openalex.org/W1959963859","https://openalex.org/W1975800736","https://openalex.org/W1989893010","https://openalex.org/W1991594791","https://openalex.org/W2011783148","https://openalex.org/W2029698437","https://openalex.org/W2034537249","https://openalex.org/W2054804336","https://openalex.org/W2056786202","https://openalex.org/W2100541481","https://openalex.org/W2109933326","https://openalex.org/W2111856253","https://openalex.org/W2115094636","https://openalex.org/W2118020653","https://openalex.org/W2128135494","https://openalex.org/W2131283257","https://openalex.org/W2132030416","https://openalex.org/W2134659216","https://openalex.org/W2137833003","https://openalex.org/W2144746247","https://openalex.org/W2144920829","https://openalex.org/W2152439927","https://openalex.org/W2154094385","https://openalex.org/W2158131286","https://openalex.org/W2168320035","https://openalex.org/W2172249794","https://openalex.org/W3202942953","https://openalex.org/W6603839702","https://openalex.org/W6604323142","https://openalex.org/W6605356284","https://openalex.org/W6635521279","https://openalex.org/W6802093074"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2374047926","https://openalex.org/W2360982908","https://openalex.org/W2057359786","https://openalex.org/W2394466068","https://openalex.org/W145653800","https://openalex.org/W1986699031","https://openalex.org/W2393473353","https://openalex.org/W4312866165","https://openalex.org/W108287568","https://openalex.org/W2537862391"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Confidence":[0,21],"estimation":[1,22,113],"has":[2],"been":[3,18],"largely":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,12,32,44,83],"speech":[7],"recognition":[8],"to":[9,46,62,94],"detect":[10],"words":[11],"the":[13,87,90,96,102,127,140],"recognized":[14],"sentence":[15],"that":[16,126],"have":[17],"likely":[19],"misrecognized.":[20],"can":[23,135],"be":[24,136],"seen":[25],"as":[26,49],"a":[27,34,56,71],"conventional":[28],"pattern":[29],"classification":[30,60,106],"problem":[31],"which":[33],"set":[35],"of":[36,73,89,130,144],"features":[37],"is":[38,70,93,108],"obtained":[39],"for":[40],"each":[41],"hypothesized":[42],"word":[43,120,131],"order":[45],"classify":[47],"it":[48],"either":[50],"correct":[51],"or":[52],"incorrect.":[53],"We":[54],"propose":[55],"smoothed":[57],"na\u00efve":[58,79,141],"Bayes":[59,80,142],"model":[61,68,92,107],"profitably":[63],"combine":[64],"these":[65],"features.":[66,145],"The":[67],"itself":[69],"combination":[72,143],"word-dependent":[74],"(specific)":[75],"and":[76],"word-independent":[77],"(generalized)":[78],"models.":[81,104],"As":[82],"statistical":[84],"language":[85],"modeling,":[86],"purpose":[88],"generalized":[91],"smooth":[95],"(class":[97],"posterior)":[98],"estimates":[99],"given":[100],"by":[101,138],"specific":[103],"Our":[105],"empirically":[109],"compared":[110],"with":[111],"confidence":[112],"based":[114],"on":[115,119],"posterior":[116,133],"probabilities":[117,134],"computed":[118],"graphs.":[121],"Empirical":[122],"results":[123],"clearly":[124],"show":[125],"good":[128],"performance":[129],"graph-based":[132],"improved":[137],"using":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}