{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2161852798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2011.2134088","title":"Improved Modeling of Cross-Decoder Phone Co-Occurrences in SVM-Based Phonotactic Language Recognition","display_name":"Improved Modeling of Cross-Decoder Phone Co-Occurrences in SVM-Based Phonotactic Language Recognition","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2161852798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2011.2134088","mag":"2161852798"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tasl.2011.2134088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2011.2134088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199497470","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"1558-7916","issn":["1558-7916","1558-7924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031896364","display_name":"Mikel Pe\u00f1agarikano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6848-349X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Penagarikano","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057476491","display_name":"Amparo Varona","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-8991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Varona","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084820966","display_name":"Luis Javier Rodr\u00edguez-Fuentes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9313-2667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. J. Rodriguez-Fuentes","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067184681","display_name":"Germ\u00e1n Bordel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1758-0964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Bordel","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7451,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95090061,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"8","first_page":"2348","last_page":"2363"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonotactics","display_name":"Phonotactics","score":0.9739319682121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.8154788613319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.7649411559104919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6677370071411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5243259072303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44417861104011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.43852102756500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonology","display_name":"Phonology","score":0.3145483732223511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.09611523151397705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4768521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512366","display_name":"Phonotactics","level":3,"score":0.9739319682121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.8154788613319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.7649411559104919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6677370071411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5243259072303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44417861104011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.43852102756500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148934300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40998","display_name":"Phonology","level":2,"score":0.3145483732223511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.09611523151397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tasl.2011.2134088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2011.2134088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199497470","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"1558-7916","issn":["1558-7916","1558-7924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12823375","https://openalex.org/W17817017","https://openalex.org/W34880311","https://openalex.org/W47263812","https://openalex.org/W80991132","https://openalex.org/W86411325","https://openalex.org/W86944614","https://openalex.org/W126852431","https://openalex.org/W131170453","https://openalex.org/W151003953","https://openalex.org/W156922528","https://openalex.org/W167403329","https://openalex.org/W173660884","https://openalex.org/W178568469","https://openalex.org/W187869248","https://openalex.org/W199121787","https://openalex.org/W204053250","https://openalex.org/W1491198847","https://openalex.org/W1530092271","https://openalex.org/W1532356791","https://openalex.org/W1558802035","https://openalex.org/W1586405805","https://openalex.org/W1603759061","https://openalex.org/W1957665339","https://openalex.org/W1973706390","https://openalex.org/W1993482042","https://openalex.org/W1999065145","https://openalex.org/W2001932915","https://openalex.org/W2023238506","https://openalex.org/W2038262612","https://openalex.org/W2041823554","https://openalex.org/W2045709117","https://openalex.org/W2045801524","https://openalex.org/W2078788212","https://openalex.org/W2078953162","https://openalex.org/W2095501777","https://openalex.org/W2095833672","https://openalex.org/W2098179789","https://openalex.org/W2098508228","https://openalex.org/W2098859361","https://openalex.org/W2100546383","https://openalex.org/W2103271482","https://openalex.org/W2106284094","https://openalex.org/W2106882534","https://openalex.org/W2117099982","https://openalex.org/W2117448986","https://openalex.org/W2118180989","https://openalex.org/W2118585731","https://openalex.org/W2125168896","https://openalex.org/W2125534887","https://openalex.org/W2128383159","https://openalex.org/W2134815611","https://openalex.org/W2136880172","https://openalex.org/W2137310491","https://openalex.org/W2141985727","https://openalex.org/W2146194791","https://openalex.org/W2148913638","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2157791002","https://openalex.org/W2161723943","https://openalex.org/W2161852798","https://openalex.org/W2162042658","https://openalex.org/W2168561756","https://openalex.org/W2172287020","https://openalex.org/W2395544453","https://openalex.org/W2402698866","https://openalex.org/W2402735123","https://openalex.org/W2403547305","https://openalex.org/W2568428461","https://openalex.org/W3004533406","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W3140882520","https://openalex.org/W3145606929","https://openalex.org/W4302458905","https://openalex.org/W6600723776","https://openalex.org/W6601939451","https://openalex.org/W6605147687","https://openalex.org/W6605382427","https://openalex.org/W6606123296","https://openalex.org/W6633523743","https://openalex.org/W6635268374","https://openalex.org/W6640828828","https://openalex.org/W6661873022","https://openalex.org/W6674794281","https://openalex.org/W6674803069","https://openalex.org/W6677656871","https://openalex.org/W6679925376","https://openalex.org/W6682187074","https://openalex.org/W6682953061","https://openalex.org/W6712218626","https://openalex.org/W6713204639","https://openalex.org/W6845844910"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967700188","https://openalex.org/W2002605490","https://openalex.org/W2056636012","https://openalex.org/W2138679860","https://openalex.org/W1602082497","https://openalex.org/W2543493913","https://openalex.org/W2118180989","https://openalex.org/W2975191379","https://openalex.org/W2114089658","https://openalex.org/W2061937230"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"common":[1],"approaches":[2,45,87,170,205],"to":[3,46,101,117,135],"phonotactic":[4,47,82,105,178,230],"language":[5,48,247],"recognition":[6,49],"deal":[7],"with":[8,99,201],"several":[9],"independent":[10],"phone":[11,61,73,92,120,129,150],"decodings.":[12],"These":[13],"decodings":[14],"are":[15,94],"processed":[16],"and":[17,97,122,153,157,209,237],"scored":[18],"in":[19,172,185],"a":[20,102,141],"fully":[21],"uncoupled":[22],"way,":[23],"their":[24],"time":[25,54],"alignment":[26,55],"(and":[27],"the":[28,65,78,124,163,176,198,202,221,225,241],"information":[29],"that":[30,71],"may":[31],"be":[32],"extracted":[33],"from":[34],"it)":[35],"being":[36],"completely":[37],"lost.":[38],"Recently,":[39],"we":[40],"have":[41],"presented":[42,171],"two":[43,169,203],"new":[44],"which":[50,232],"take":[51],"into":[52],"account":[53],"information,":[56],"by":[57,107],"considering":[58],"time-synchronous":[59,90],"cross-decoder":[60,91,244],"co-occurrences.":[62],"Experiments":[63],"on":[64,89,162],"2007":[66,164],"NIST":[67,165],"LRE":[68,166],"database":[69],"demonstrated":[70],"using":[72],"co-occurrence":[74,127],"statistics":[75],"could":[76],"improve":[77],"performance":[79,223],"of":[80,111,119,126,128,143,148,187,197,243],"baseline":[81,103,177,199],"recognizers.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85,173],"paper,":[86],"based":[88],"co-occurrences":[93],"further":[95],"developed":[96],"evaluated":[98],"regard":[100],"SVM-based":[104],"system,":[106,179],"using:":[108],"1)":[109],"counts":[110],"<i":[112,130,188,210],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[113,131,189,192,211,214],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">n</i>":[114,132],"-grams":[115,133],"(up":[116,134],"4-grams)":[118],"co-occurrences;":[121],"2)":[123],"degree":[125],"4-grams).":[136],"To":[137],"evaluate":[138],"these":[139],"approaches,":[140],"choice":[142],"open":[144],"software":[145],"(Brno":[146],"University":[147],"Technology":[149],"decoders,":[151],"LIBLINEAR":[152],"FoCal)":[154],"was":[155],"used,":[156],"experiments":[158],"were":[159],"carried":[160],"out":[161],"database.":[167],"The":[168,195],"paper":[174],"outperformed":[175],"yielding":[180],"around":[181],"7%":[182],"relative":[183,219],"improvement":[184],"terms":[186],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">C</i>":[190,212],"<sub":[191,213],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">LLR</sub>":[193,215],".":[194],"fusion":[196],"system":[200],"proposed":[204],"yielded":[206],"1.83%":[207],"EER":[208],"=0.270":[216],"(meaning":[217],"18%":[218],"improvement),":[220],"same":[222,226],"(on":[224],"task)":[227],"than":[228],"state-of-the-art":[229],"systems":[231],"apply":[233],"more":[234],"complex":[235],"models":[236],"techniques,":[238],"thus":[239],"supporting":[240],"use":[242],"dependencies":[245],"for":[246],"recognition.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}