{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2150769028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2010.2064307","title":"Front-End Factor Analysis for Speaker Verification","display_name":"Front-End Factor Analysis for Speaker Verification","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2150769028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2010.2064307","mag":"2150769028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tasl.2010.2064307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2010.2064307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199497470","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"1558-7916","issn":["1558-7916","1558-7924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050632169","display_name":"Najim Dehak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4489-5753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Najim Dehak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spoken Language Systems group at Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spoken Language Systems group at Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036466893","display_name":"Patrick Kenny","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111842","display_name":"Computer Research Institute of Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0279d5115","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111842"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick J Kenny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre de Recherche Informatique de Montreal, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de Recherche Informatique de Montreal, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012784735","display_name":"R\u00e9da Dehak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4078-7261"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R\u00e9da Dehak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire de Recherche et de D\u00e9veloppement de lEPITA, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire de Recherche et de D\u00e9veloppement de lEPITA, Paris, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034083532","display_name":"Pierre Dumouchel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5584-4428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Dumouchel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre de recherche informatique de Montr\u00e8al (CRIM), Ecole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de recherche informatique de Montr\u00e8al (CRIM), Ecole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061517549","display_name":"Pierre Ouellet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111842","display_name":"Computer Research Institute of Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0279d5115","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111842"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Ouellet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre de Recherche Informatique de Montreal, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de Recherche Informatique de Montreal, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111842"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":149.1986,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3583,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9998432,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"788","last_page":"798"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.7555452585220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6081264019012451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-recognition","display_name":"Speaker recognition","score":0.5906825661659241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5518069863319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5395092368125916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.4630790650844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.453820139169693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.44587376713752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44167301058769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3340560793876648}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7555452585220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6081264019012451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133892786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker recognition","level":2,"score":0.5906825661659241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5518069863319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5395092368125916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.4630790650844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.453820139169693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.44587376713752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44167301058769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3340560793876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tasl.2010.2064307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2010.2064307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199497470","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"1558-7916","issn":["1558-7916","1558-7924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.220.6948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.220.6948","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.sls.lcs.mit.edu/sls/publications/2011/Dehak_IEEE_May2011.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310145","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W740415","https://openalex.org/W111477576","https://openalex.org/W1916834241","https://openalex.org/W2041823554","https://openalex.org/W2107638917","https://openalex.org/W2112582577","https://openalex.org/W2121415728","https://openalex.org/W2129785530","https://openalex.org/W2130955819","https://openalex.org/W2136879537","https://openalex.org/W2144760012","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2170065313","https://openalex.org/W2397634864","https://openalex.org/W2398362606","https://openalex.org/W6640010188","https://openalex.org/W6712325649","https://openalex.org/W6712660717"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118039276","https://openalex.org/W1491159402","https://openalex.org/W4297807400","https://openalex.org/W4313854686","https://openalex.org/W2249138175","https://openalex.org/W2611678594","https://openalex.org/W3162054169","https://openalex.org/W1813780412","https://openalex.org/W2499802997","https://openalex.org/W2112059504"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,35],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,139],"extension":[4],"of":[5,144,148,160,164],"our":[6],"previous":[7],"work":[8],"which":[9,57,108],"proposes":[10],"a":[11,21,31,66],"new":[12,22,60],"speaker":[13,16,47,52],"representation":[14],"for":[15,179],"verification.":[17],"In":[18],"this":[19,59],"modeling,":[20],"low-dimensional":[23],"speaker-":[24],"and":[25,48,118,146],"channel-dependent":[26],"space":[27,36,42],"is":[28,37,65,133],"defined":[29],"using":[30,150],"simple":[32],"factor":[33,193],"analysis.":[34],"named":[38],"the":[39,73,78,81,89,93,104,126,151,156,161,165,183,190],"total":[40,105],"variability":[41,106],"because":[43],"it":[44],"models":[45],"both":[46],"channel":[49,100],"variabilities.":[50],"Two":[51],"verification":[53],"systems":[54],"are":[55,109,129],"proposed":[56],"use":[58],"representation.":[61],"The":[62,84],"first":[63],"system":[64,70,86],"support":[67],"vector":[68],"machine-based":[69],"that":[71,125],"uses":[72,88],"cosine":[74,90,152],"kernel":[75],"to":[76,189],"estimate":[77],"similarity":[79,91],"between":[80],"input":[82],"data.":[83],"second":[85],"directly":[87],"as":[92],"final":[94],"decision":[95],"score.":[96],"We":[97,123,137,172],"tested":[98],"three":[99],"compensation":[101],"techniques":[102],"in":[103],"space,":[107],"within-class":[110],"covariance":[111],"normalization":[112],"(WCCN),":[113],"linear":[114],"discriminate":[115],"analysis":[116,194],"(LDA),":[117],"nuisance":[119],"attribute":[120],"projection":[121],"(NAP).":[122],"found":[124],"best":[127],"results":[128],"obtained":[130,174],"when":[131],"LDA":[132],"followed":[134],"by":[135],"WCCN.":[136],"achieved":[138],"equal":[140],"error":[141],"rate":[142],"(EER)":[143],"1.12%":[145],"MinDCF":[147],"0.0094":[149],"distance":[153],"scoring":[154],"on":[155,182],"male":[157],"English":[158],"trials":[159,181],"core":[162],"condition":[163,187],"NIST":[166],"2008":[167],"Speaker":[168],"Recognition":[169],"Evaluation":[170],"dataset.":[171],"also":[173],"4%":[175],"absolute":[176],"EER":[177],"improvement":[178],"both-gender":[180],"10":[184],"s-10":[185],"s":[186],"compared":[188],"classical":[191],"joint":[192],"scoring.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":121},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":166},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":215},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":238},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":351},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":378},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":375},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":336},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":304},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":264},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":223},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":266},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":154},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":104}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}