{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124124367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2009.2022204","title":"Discriminative Input Stream Combination for Conditional Random Field Phone Recognition","display_name":"Discriminative Input Stream Combination for Conditional Random Field Phone Recognition","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124124367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2009.2022204","mag":"2124124367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tasl.2009.2022204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2009.2022204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199497470","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"1558-7916","issn":["1558-7916","1558-7924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018515711","display_name":"Ilana Heintz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2707-2376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I. Heintz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Linguistics and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","Department of Linguistics , Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics , Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056667180","display_name":"Eric Fosler\u2010Lussier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-5169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Fosler-Lussier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Linguistics and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","Department of Linguistics , Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics , Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063573290","display_name":"C. Brew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6595-8365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Brew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Linguistics and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","Department of Linguistics , Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics , Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018515711"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4099,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81274523,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"8","first_page":"1533","last_page":"1546"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.8637241125106812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6597659587860107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6499304175376892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5341113805770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5247162580490112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5163249373435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crfs","display_name":"CRFS","score":0.5004708766937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49895811080932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4985084533691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timit","display_name":"TIMIT","score":0.4508981704711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.426231324672699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2019868791103363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.17754516005516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10605615377426147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.8637241125106812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6597659587860107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6499304175376892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5341113805770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5247162580490112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5163249373435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775953691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013874","display_name":"CRFS","level":3,"score":0.5004708766937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49895811080932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4985084533691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778724510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7670405","display_name":"TIMIT","level":3,"score":0.4508981704711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.426231324672699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2019868791103363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.17754516005516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10605615377426147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tasl.2009.2022204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2009.2022204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199497470","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"1558-7916","issn":["1558-7916","1558-7924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19888901","https://openalex.org/W87015632","https://openalex.org/W155708904","https://openalex.org/W178098442","https://openalex.org/W180740594","https://openalex.org/W183625566","https://openalex.org/W187280054","https://openalex.org/W197151588","https://openalex.org/W200491920","https://openalex.org/W202767486","https://openalex.org/W1490506669","https://openalex.org/W1528056001","https://openalex.org/W1559678887","https://openalex.org/W1583757088","https://openalex.org/W1598851216","https://openalex.org/W1635512741","https://openalex.org/W1802969839","https://openalex.org/W1904457459","https://openalex.org/W1964121443","https://openalex.org/W1966903391","https://openalex.org/W1983623418","https://openalex.org/W1984746632","https://openalex.org/W2012393606","https://openalex.org/W2025653905","https://openalex.org/W2070725064","https://openalex.org/W2103372210","https://openalex.org/W2103621378","https://openalex.org/W2105852393","https://openalex.org/W2106554350","https://openalex.org/W2118952425","https://openalex.org/W2121739212","https://openalex.org/W2122678358","https://openalex.org/W2125534887","https://openalex.org/W2127375207","https://openalex.org/W2127846433","https://openalex.org/W2133924365","https://openalex.org/W2134262590","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2152983072","https://openalex.org/W2153839310","https://openalex.org/W2156615793","https://openalex.org/W2159948109","https://openalex.org/W2160679028","https://openalex.org/W2165712214","https://openalex.org/W2167838035","https://openalex.org/W2170166968","https://openalex.org/W2619993508","https://openalex.org/W2912573428","https://openalex.org/W3127686677","https://openalex.org/W3151884159","https://openalex.org/W6600815575","https://openalex.org/W6603554486","https://openalex.org/W6606278960","https://openalex.org/W6607245337","https://openalex.org/W6608152493","https://openalex.org/W6633418959","https://openalex.org/W6682082992","https://openalex.org/W6683644788"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W50079190","https://openalex.org/W2356597680","https://openalex.org/W182104056","https://openalex.org/W2111726165","https://openalex.org/W2011251309","https://openalex.org/W3108423214","https://openalex.org/W2796133761","https://openalex.org/W3088215229","https://openalex.org/W2511246383","https://openalex.org/W2163278254"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,32,113],"recent":[1],"studies,":[2],"we":[3,63,79,116],"and":[4,21,71,127],"others":[5],"have":[6],"found":[7,80],"that":[8,81,169],"conditional":[9],"random":[10],"fields":[11],"(CRFs)":[12],"can":[13],"be":[14],"effectively":[15],"used":[16],"to":[17,46,109,131,133,147,167],"perform":[18],"phone":[19,51,72,193],"classification":[20],"recognition":[22,194],"tasks":[23],"by":[24,35,179,184],"combining":[25,66,153],"non-Gaussian":[26],"distributed":[27],"representations":[28,108],"of":[29,42,99,119,152],"acoustic":[30,107,135],"input.":[31],"previous":[33,125,165],"work":[34,166],"I.":[36],"Heintz":[37],"(latent":[38],"phonetic":[39],"analysis:":[40],"Use":[41],"singular":[43],"value":[44],"decomposition":[45],"determine":[47],"features":[48,154],"for":[49,94,155],"CRF":[50,77,111],"recognition,":[52],"<i":[53,56],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[54,57],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Proc.</i>":[55],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">ICASSP</i>":[58],",":[59],"pp.":[60],"4541-4544,":[61],"2008),":[62],"experimented":[64],"with":[65],"phonological":[67],"feature":[68,136,141,145],"posterior":[69,73,83,101],"estimators":[70,74],"within":[75],"a":[76,88,95,158,180,185,189],"framework;":[78],"treating":[82],"estimates":[84],"as":[85],"terms":[86],"in":[87,123,192],"ldquophoneme":[89],"information":[90],"retrievalrdquo":[91],"task":[92],"allowed":[93],"more":[96],"effective":[97],"use":[98],"multiple":[100],"streams":[102],"than":[103,144],"directly":[104],"feeding":[105],"these":[106],"the":[110,120,149,197],"recognizer.":[112],"this":[114],"paper,":[115],"examine":[117],"some":[118],"design":[121],"choices":[122],"our":[124,129,164],"work,":[126],"extend":[128],"results":[130],"up":[132],"six":[134],"streams.":[137],"We":[138,161],"concentrate":[139],"on":[140,196],"design,":[142],"rather":[143],"selection,":[146],"find":[148,168],"best":[150],"way":[151],"introduction":[156],"into":[157],"log-linear":[159],"model.":[160],"improve":[162],"upon":[163],"several":[170],"different":[171],"dimensionality":[172],"reduction":[173],"techniques":[174],"(SVD,":[175],"PARAFAC2,":[176],"KLT),":[177],"followed":[178],"nonlinear":[181],"transform":[182],"provided":[183],"multilayer":[186],"perceptron,":[187],"provides":[188],"significant":[190],"gain":[191],"accuracy":[195],"TIMIT":[198],"task.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
