{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2141820854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2009.2021723","title":"Automatic Speech Recognition for Under-Resourced Languages: Application to Vietnamese Language","display_name":"Automatic Speech Recognition for Under-Resourced Languages: Application to Vietnamese Language","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2141820854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2009.2021723","mag":"2141820854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tasl.2009.2021723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2009.2021723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199497470","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"1558-7916","issn":["1558-7916","1558-7924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044153954","display_name":"Viet-Bac Le","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104430","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/01c8rcg82","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210104430","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177483745","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Joseph Fourier","ror":"https://ror.org/02aj0kh94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177483745"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Viet-Bac Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIG Laboratory, UMR CNRS 5217, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France","LIG Lab., Joseph Fourier Univ., Grenoble, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIG Laboratory, UMR CNRS 5217, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I177483745","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210104430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIG Lab., Joseph Fourier Univ., Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177483745","https://openalex.org/I4210104430"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040820339","display_name":"Laurent Besacier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7411-9125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104430","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/01c8rcg82","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210104430","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177483745","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Joseph Fourier","ror":"https://ror.org/02aj0kh94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177483745"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Besacier","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIG Laboratory, UMR CNRS 5217, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France","LIG Lab., Joseph Fourier Univ., Grenoble, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIG Laboratory, UMR CNRS 5217, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I177483745","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210104430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIG Lab., Joseph Fourier Univ., Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177483745","https://openalex.org/I4210104430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044153954"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I177483745","https://openalex.org/I4210104430","https://openalex.org/I899635006"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.4847,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":83,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98051416,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"8","first_page":"1471","last_page":"1482"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8498309850692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vietnamese","display_name":"Vietnamese","score":0.7299448251724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6901007890701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.59160315990448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.5769402980804443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5229417085647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5030550360679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.4691435694694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.45673394203186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.4498247504234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.4419538378715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syllable","display_name":"Syllable","score":0.43972456455230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1419733464717865}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8498309850692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103621254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9199","display_name":"Vietnamese","level":2,"score":0.7299448251724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6901007890701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.59160315990448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.5769402980804443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5229417085647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5030550360679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.4691435694694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.45673394203186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.4498247504234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.4419538378715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109089402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8188","display_name":"Syllable","level":2,"score":0.43972456455230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1419733464717865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tasl.2009.2021723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2009.2021723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199497470","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"1558-7916","issn":["1558-7916","1558-7924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-00953718v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-00953718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922466","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing, 2009","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W813000","https://openalex.org/W8908565","https://openalex.org/W10572049","https://openalex.org/W14331692","https://openalex.org/W23024349","https://openalex.org/W40323203","https://openalex.org/W50642703","https://openalex.org/W55691059","https://openalex.org/W58893626","https://openalex.org/W60702959","https://openalex.org/W67810553","https://openalex.org/W88081813","https://openalex.org/W128364799","https://openalex.org/W144374866","https://openalex.org/W156297382","https://openalex.org/W180168658","https://openalex.org/W1494693235","https://openalex.org/W1510837697","https://openalex.org/W1520886244","https://openalex.org/W1525736366","https://openalex.org/W1532513216","https://openalex.org/W1547854313","https://openalex.org/W1631260214","https://openalex.org/W1846073453","https://openalex.org/W1886381962","https://openalex.org/W1984672765","https://openalex.org/W2033436836","https://openalex.org/W2094391517","https://openalex.org/W2101281673","https://openalex.org/W2105354660","https://openalex.org/W2106101143","https://openalex.org/W2129848961","https://openalex.org/W2132534451","https://openalex.org/W2135379785","https://openalex.org/W2138436078","https://openalex.org/W2139820289","https://openalex.org/W2141404479","https://openalex.org/W2142401923","https://openalex.org/W2153159136","https://openalex.org/W2154820175","https://openalex.org/W2158069733","https://openalex.org/W2165355580","https://openalex.org/W2276283915","https://openalex.org/W2398235957","https://openalex.org/W2399730253","https://openalex.org/W2401033099","https://openalex.org/W2401271578","https://openalex.org/W2401933876","https://openalex.org/W2403983345","https://openalex.org/W2406358862","https://openalex.org/W2573273887","https://openalex.org/W2587033535","https://openalex.org/W2594610113","https://openalex.org/W2918013879","https://openalex.org/W3150637114","https://openalex.org/W4299344082","https://openalex.org/W4388277788","https://openalex.org/W6600435476","https://openalex.org/W6600595526","https://openalex.org/W6600942878","https://openalex.org/W6601644286","https://openalex.org/W6602059946","https://openalex.org/W6605248007","https://openalex.org/W6606379130","https://openalex.org/W6607325517","https://openalex.org/W6629517120","https://openalex.org/W6636811518","https://openalex.org/W6675239441","https://openalex.org/W6678034947","https://openalex.org/W6679576089","https://openalex.org/W6684184871","https://openalex.org/W6712677759","https://openalex.org/W6713005659","https://openalex.org/W6713186479"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245698648","https://openalex.org/W2061937230","https://openalex.org/W2401394187","https://openalex.org/W2405257913","https://openalex.org/W2132658536","https://openalex.org/W3133710586","https://openalex.org/W2125964738","https://openalex.org/W2098529290","https://openalex.org/W2026402306","https://openalex.org/W2594897229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"our":[3,119],"work":[4],"in":[5,10,92,118,145,176],"automatic":[6],"speech":[7,61,84],"recognition":[8],"(ASR)":[9],"the":[11,31,38,79,123,134,140,186],"context":[12,64,71],"of":[13,33,40,58,105,125,142,183],"under-resourced":[14,45,150],"languages":[15],"with":[16,53],"application":[17],"to":[18,156],"Vietnamese.":[19],"Different":[20],"techniques":[21],"for":[22,44,149,191],"bootstrapping":[23],"acoustic":[24,42,107],"models":[25],"are":[26,97],"presented.":[27],"First,":[28],"we":[29,152],"present":[30],"use":[32,124],"acoustic-phonetic":[34],"unit":[35],"distances":[36],"and":[37,138,159,162],"potential":[39],"crosslingual":[41,63,70,95],"modeling":[43,66,148],"languages.":[46],"Experimental":[47],"results":[48,175],"on":[49],"Vietnamese":[50,193],"showed":[51],"that":[52,91],"only":[54],"a":[55,112,177,192],"few":[56],"hours":[57],"target":[59],"language":[60,147],"data,":[62],"independent":[65],"worked":[67],"better":[68,98],"than":[69,99],"dependent":[72],"modeling.":[73],"However,":[74],"it":[75],"was":[76],"outperformed":[77],"by":[78],"latter":[80],"one,":[81],"when":[82],"more":[83],"data":[85],"were":[86],"available.":[87],"We":[88],"concluded,":[89],"therefore,":[90],"both":[93],"cases,":[94],"systems":[96],"monolingual":[100],"baseline":[101,189],"systems.":[102,169],"The":[103,170],"proposal":[104],"grapheme-based":[106],"modeling,":[108],"which":[109],"avoids":[110],"building":[111],"phonetic":[113],"dictionary,":[114],"is":[115],"also":[116],"investigated":[117],"work.":[120],"Finally,":[121],"since":[122],"sub-word":[126,163],"units":[127],"(morphemes,":[128],"syllables,":[129],"characters,":[130],"etc.)":[131],"can":[132],"reduce":[133],"high":[135],"out-of-vocabulary":[136],"rate":[137,181],"improve":[139],"lack":[141],"text":[143],"resources":[144],"statistical":[146],"languages,":[151],"propose":[153],"several":[154],"methods":[155],"decompose,":[157],"normalize":[158],"combine":[160],"word":[161],"lattices":[164],"generated":[165],"from":[166],"different":[167],"ASR":[168,194],"proposed":[171],"lattice":[172],"combination":[173],"scheme":[174],"relative":[178],"syllable":[179],"error":[180],"reduction":[182],"6.6%":[184],"over":[185],"sentence":[187],"MAP":[188],"method":[190],"task.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
