{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2120500212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2009.2021542","title":"Empirical Methods to Determine the Number of Sources in Single-Channel Musical Signals","display_name":"Empirical Methods to Determine the Number of Sources in Single-Channel Musical Signals","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2120500212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2009.2021542","mag":"2120500212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tasl.2009.2021542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2009.2021542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199497470","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"1558-7916","issn":["1558-7916","1558-7924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034412369","display_name":"Jayme Garcia Arnal Barbedo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1156-8270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181391015","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wffgt70","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Barbedo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications, FEEC, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Sao Paulo, Brazil","Dept. of Commun., Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications, FEEC, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Sao Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Commun., Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046167726","display_name":"A. Lopes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9194-9419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181391015","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wffgt70","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Lopes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications, FEEC, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Sao Paulo, Brazil","Dept. of Commun., Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications, FEEC, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Sao Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Commun., Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065795662","display_name":"Patrick J. Wolfe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-2777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.J. Wolfe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Statistics and Information Sciences Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Statistics and Information Sciences Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistics and Information Sciences Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistics and Information Sciences Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034412369"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7136,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69872007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"7","first_page":"1435","last_page":"1444"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underdetermined-system","display_name":"Underdetermined system","score":0.9202204942703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.8301493525505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7678149938583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7364053726196289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6821582317352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5000712871551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4352658987045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.42597922682762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4224257469177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3905664086341858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3559528589248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34518569707870483}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179690561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4316110","display_name":"Underdetermined system","level":2,"score":0.9202204942703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.8301493525505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7678149938583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7364053726196289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6821582317352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5000712871551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4352658987045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.42597922682762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4224257469177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3905664086341858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3559528589248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34518569707870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tasl.2009.2021542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2009.2021542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199497470","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"1558-7916","issn":["1558-7916","1558-7924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1365286","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1365286/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing , 17    pp. 1435-1444.   (2009)      ","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16345605","https://openalex.org/W165956390","https://openalex.org/W203924768","https://openalex.org/W1249484052","https://openalex.org/W1593713094","https://openalex.org/W1596792348","https://openalex.org/W1673131496","https://openalex.org/W2004194725","https://openalex.org/W2017939415","https://openalex.org/W2078887028","https://openalex.org/W2097958635","https://openalex.org/W2102334473","https://openalex.org/W2106822551","https://openalex.org/W2114461480","https://openalex.org/W2116766578","https://openalex.org/W2120132744","https://openalex.org/W2122001716","https://openalex.org/W2122684886","https://openalex.org/W2126425096","https://openalex.org/W2128399890","https://openalex.org/W2134128556","https://openalex.org/W2134642725","https://openalex.org/W2134807719","https://openalex.org/W2140304104","https://openalex.org/W2142961260","https://openalex.org/W2143132653","https://openalex.org/W2155208345","https://openalex.org/W2166159048","https://openalex.org/W2167398706","https://openalex.org/W2169143508","https://openalex.org/W2185430646","https://openalex.org/W6600679824","https://openalex.org/W6628192269","https://openalex.org/W6635226537","https://openalex.org/W6675347125","https://openalex.org/W6678267457","https://openalex.org/W6681156785","https://openalex.org/W6684882375"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066796569","https://openalex.org/W2997320962","https://openalex.org/W3011121006","https://openalex.org/W4287906532","https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W176802781","https://openalex.org/W2084978503","https://openalex.org/W3213509687","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,147],"present":[1],"a":[2,27,34],"sequence":[3],"of":[4,11,61,77,84,91,108,152,164,187],"empirical":[5],"methods":[6],"to":[7,44,111,126,166],"determine":[8],"the":[9,59,70,75,92,129,143,182,185],"number":[10,60],"sources":[12,62,135,168],"in":[13,48,88,101,105,133],"musical":[14,174],"signals":[15],"when":[16],"only":[17],"one":[18,165],"channel":[19],"is":[20,42],"available.":[21],"Rather":[22],"than":[23],"building":[24],"evidence":[25],"through":[26],"statistical":[28],"model-based":[29],"approach,":[30],"we":[31],"instead":[32],"develop":[33],"carefully":[35],"tuned":[36],"and":[37,104,113,160,184],"tested":[38],"two-stage":[39],"system":[40],"that":[41,63,95,179],"able":[43],"function":[45],"effectively":[46],"even":[47,128,141],"extremely":[49],"underdetermined":[50,102],"conditions.":[51],"A":[52],"first,":[53],"more":[54,98],"general":[55],"procedure":[56],"accurately":[57],"determines":[58],"are":[64,136],"not":[65],"closely":[66,137],"harmonically":[67,138,161],"related,":[68,139],"while":[69],"second":[71],"stage":[72],"subsequently":[73],"detects":[74],"presence":[76],"any":[78],"remaining":[79],"sources.":[80],"The":[81],"main":[82],"advantages":[83],"this":[85],"approach":[86],"lie":[87],"its":[89,106],"avoidance":[90],"restrictive":[93],"assumptions":[94],"can":[96],"accompany":[97],"complex":[99],"models":[100],"cases,":[103],"use":[107],"robust":[109],"heuristics":[110],"identify":[112],"exploit":[114],"as":[115,119],"much":[116],"source-specific":[117],"information":[118],"possible.":[120],"These":[121],"features":[122],"make":[123],"it":[124],"possible":[125],"address":[127],"most":[130],"difficult":[131],"cases":[132],"which":[134],"or":[140],"share":[142],"same":[144],"fundamental":[145],"frequency.":[146],"report":[148],"an":[149],"overall":[150],"accuracy":[151],"nearly":[153],"80%":[154],"on":[155],"average,":[156],"using":[157],"both":[158,181],"random":[159],"related":[162],"mixtures":[163],"six":[167],"taken":[169],"from":[170],"two":[171],"widely":[172],"available":[173],"instrument":[175],"databases-a":[176],"notable":[177],"result":[178],"demonstrates":[180],"efficiency":[183],"robustness":[186],"our":[188],"proposed":[189],"procedure.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
