{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117132582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3647890","title":"IRS-Assisted Secure Transmission for Remote State Estimation in the Presence of Eavesdroppers","display_name":"IRS-Assisted Secure Transmission for Remote State Estimation in the Presence of Eavesdroppers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117132582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3647890"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2025.3647890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3647890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121125663","display_name":"Yun Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7497-0817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045543313","display_name":"Fuyi Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8703-1317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116036724","display_name":"Shenyang Ligong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m20nr07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116036724"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuyi Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8703-1317","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116036724"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079175303","display_name":"Yuzhe Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhe Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8645-7201","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48160004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"1462","last_page":"1475"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.6554999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.6327000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.6302000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagrange-multiplier","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","score":0.6158999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5819000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.47450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4325999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4275999963283539}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.6554999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.6327000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.6302000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73684929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598870","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","level":2,"score":0.6158999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5819000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5767999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.47760000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.47450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4325999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4275999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.3617999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.34209999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17098449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176814","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","level":4,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444882","display_name":"Secure transmission","level":3,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22171661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074380","display_name":"Stochastic game","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2025.3647890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3647890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6635387539863586,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3316198426","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62394342","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3631852621","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62533008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970334960","https://openalex.org/W2002218489","https://openalex.org/W2002781653","https://openalex.org/W2010359062","https://openalex.org/W2010654234","https://openalex.org/W2020573937","https://openalex.org/W2030544250","https://openalex.org/W2035490465","https://openalex.org/W2107689535","https://openalex.org/W2119012490","https://openalex.org/W2146554256","https://openalex.org/W2157078218","https://openalex.org/W2164522996","https://openalex.org/W2324627801","https://openalex.org/W2761773886","https://openalex.org/W2901117815","https://openalex.org/W2902020883","https://openalex.org/W2945534522","https://openalex.org/W2962834492","https://openalex.org/W2965238603","https://openalex.org/W2968389137","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W3012541498","https://openalex.org/W3087878582","https://openalex.org/W3133525776","https://openalex.org/W3159968937","https://openalex.org/W3167971524","https://openalex.org/W3195542062","https://openalex.org/W4205657322","https://openalex.org/W4285725498","https://openalex.org/W4295046730","https://openalex.org/W4297093870","https://openalex.org/W4382789904","https://openalex.org/W4388878399","https://openalex.org/W4392901723","https://openalex.org/W4394595211","https://openalex.org/W4396910064","https://openalex.org/W4401878743","https://openalex.org/W4402673212","https://openalex.org/W4403052859","https://openalex.org/W4409917141"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"intelligent":[3],"reflecting":[4],"surfaces":[5],"(IRS)-assisted":[6],"secure":[7],"transmission":[8,83],"for":[9,27,91,122,148],"remote":[10,29],"state":[11],"estimation":[12],"in":[13],"the":[14,21,28,31,41,71,99,105,123,130,138,144,149,164],"presence":[15],"of":[16,64,101],"an":[17,134],"eavesdropper.":[18],"To":[19],"counter":[20],"eavesdropper":[22,72],"and":[23,38,46,58,85,94,116],"enhance":[24],"data":[25],"reception":[26],"estimator,":[30],"sensor":[32],"can":[33],"dynamically":[34],"switch":[35],"between":[36,82],"traditional":[37,45,51],"IRS-assisted":[39,53,65],"channels,":[40,52],"latter":[42],"combining":[43],"both":[44],"IRS-based":[47,102],"links.":[48],"Compared":[49],"to":[50,74,97,162],"channels":[54,66],"reduce":[55],"eavesdropping":[56],"rates":[57],"improve":[59],"reception.":[60],"However,":[61],"frequent":[62],"use":[63],"increases":[67],"detection":[68],"risk":[69],"by":[70],"due":[73],"enhanced":[75],"channel":[76,92,125],"awareness.":[77],"Thus,":[78],"a":[79,89,95,110,119,156],"trade-off":[80,106],"exists":[81],"performance":[84],"stealthiness.":[86],"We":[87],"propose":[88],"framework":[90],"selection":[93,126],"metric":[96],"evaluate":[98],"stealthiness":[100],"channels.":[103],"Additionally,":[104],"is":[107,160],"modeled":[108],"as":[109],"constrained":[111,131],"Markov":[112],"decision":[113],"process":[114],"(MDP),":[115],"we":[117,142],"derive":[118],"sufficient":[120],"condition":[121],"optimal":[124,145],"policy.":[127],"By":[128],"transforming":[129],"MDP":[132,151],"into":[133],"unconstrained":[135,150],"one":[136],"using":[137],"Lagrange":[139],"multiplier":[140],"approach,":[141],"elucidate":[143],"policy":[146],"structure":[147],"with":[152],"discounted":[153],"costs.":[154],"Finally,":[155],"longitudinal":[157],"flight":[158],"example":[159],"presented":[161],"validate":[163],"theoretical":[165],"results.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-15T23:16:33.117629","created_date":"2025-12-24T00:00:00"}
