{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7116417551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3646558","title":"Coupled Physics-Informed Neural Network for Multi-Physics Modeling in Additive Friction Stir Deposition","display_name":"Coupled Physics-Informed Neural Network for Multi-Physics Modeling in Additive Friction Stir Deposition","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7116417551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3646558"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2025.3646558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3646558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070695030","display_name":"Raghav Gnanasambandam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2159-4837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323276237","display_name":"Florida A&M University - Florida State University College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/01v4tq883","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165","https://openalex.org/I1323276237","https://openalex.org/I8248082"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raghav Gnanasambandam","raw_affiliation_strings":["FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323276237"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068949635","display_name":"Nikhil Gotawala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikhil Gotawala","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040444493","display_name":"Xiaofeng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7446-106X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017100449","display_name":"Benjamin Standfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6442-1558"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Standfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commonwealth Center for Advanced Manufacturing, Disputanta, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commonwealth Center for Advanced Manufacturing, Disputanta, VA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120920693","display_name":"Chaoran Dou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoran Dou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068024307","display_name":"Hang Z. Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-9577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Z. Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120942157","display_name":"Jian Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802705668","display_name":"United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdkx920","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085867168","display_name":"Zhenyu Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8827-502X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyu Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070695030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323276237"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52992427,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"1631","last_page":"1649"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10723","display_name":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","score":0.7595999836921692,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10723","display_name":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","score":0.7595999836921692,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.10199999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10717","display_name":"Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties","score":0.01899999938905239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.70660001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5303999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-differential-equation","display_name":"Partial differential equation","score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.4900999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.484499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary-value-problem","display_name":"Boundary value problem","score":0.47760000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deposition","display_name":"Deposition (geology)","score":0.46459999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slowness","display_name":"Slowness","score":0.38519999384880066}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.70660001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5303999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93779851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271977","display_name":"Partial differential equation","level":2,"score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.4900999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.484499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182310444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332643","display_name":"Boundary value problem","level":2,"score":0.47760000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.46630001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64297162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1987070","display_name":"Deposition (geology)","level":3,"score":0.46459999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.43130001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11940443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16965645","display_name":"Slowness","level":2,"score":0.38519999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.37860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50478463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401936","display_name":"Finite volume method","level":2,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78045399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11214","display_name":"Differential equation","level":2,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76956256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27610560","display_name":"Process modeling","level":3,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776536451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5503432","display_name":"Friction stir processing","level":3,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48753275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11216","display_name":"Numerical analysis","level":2,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112714845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1482001","display_name":"Distributed parameter system","level":3,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155386361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649571","display_name":"Process control","level":3,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205951836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147751","display_name":"Finite difference method","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31555180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3523867","display_name":"Material properties","level":2,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37292000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1257918","display_name":"Residual stress","level":2,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.26499998569488525}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2025.3646558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3646558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1950415612","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-25-2-0067","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","funder_display_name":"Army Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8762635460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF23-0245-ERR","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319292","funder_display_name":"Virginia Innovation Partnership Corporation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319292","display_name":"Virginia Innovation Partnership Corporation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","display_name":"Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1196440582","https://openalex.org/W2022983118","https://openalex.org/W2041180560","https://openalex.org/W2046484316","https://openalex.org/W2121498459","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2158985775","https://openalex.org/W2395579298","https://openalex.org/W2795691427","https://openalex.org/W2899283552","https://openalex.org/W2914219486","https://openalex.org/W2948551291","https://openalex.org/W2979786244","https://openalex.org/W3008118574","https://openalex.org/W3010849941","https://openalex.org/W3015865829","https://openalex.org/W3021668893","https://openalex.org/W3046058575","https://openalex.org/W3109749236","https://openalex.org/W3119602513","https://openalex.org/W3124693262","https://openalex.org/W3137392741","https://openalex.org/W3153200540","https://openalex.org/W3196583099","https://openalex.org/W3200673624","https://openalex.org/W4212988227","https://openalex.org/W4220717841","https://openalex.org/W4244063180","https://openalex.org/W4288039037","https://openalex.org/W4307154444","https://openalex.org/W4308979219","https://openalex.org/W4315782922","https://openalex.org/W4318672580","https://openalex.org/W4362660821","https://openalex.org/W4378603121","https://openalex.org/W4380345018","https://openalex.org/W4386090509","https://openalex.org/W4388588605","https://openalex.org/W4393189456","https://openalex.org/W4398238760","https://openalex.org/W4399555263","https://openalex.org/W4399802481","https://openalex.org/W4401108954","https://openalex.org/W4402225952","https://openalex.org/W4403441819","https://openalex.org/W4403925975","https://openalex.org/W4409157719","https://openalex.org/W4411472548"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Additive":[0],"Friction":[1],"Stir":[2],"Deposition":[3],"(AFSD)":[4],"is":[5,50],"an":[6],"emerging":[7],"metal":[8],"additive":[9],"manufacturing":[10],"process":[11,140],"gaining":[12],"increased":[13],"attention":[14],"due":[15],"to":[16],"its":[17],"solid-state":[18],"processing":[19,49],"nature,":[20],"resulting":[21],"in":[22,72,156],"desirable":[23],"mechanical":[24],"properties":[25],"and":[26,45,70,101,125,161],"the":[27,35,39,58,74,80,107,111,115,118,123,138,143,152,167,176,181],"capability":[28],"of":[29,38,42,137,169,193],"fabricating":[30],"large":[31],"parts.":[32],"To":[33],"understand":[34],"multi-physics":[36],"nature":[37],"process,":[40],"modeling":[41],"thermal":[43],"distribution":[44,127],"material":[46],"velocity":[47,124],"during":[48,110],"imperative,":[51],"which":[52],"can":[53],"be":[54],"addressed":[55],"by":[56],"solving":[57],"related":[59],"partial":[60],"differential":[61],"equations":[62],"(PDEs).":[63],"However,":[64],"complex":[65],"coupled":[66,92,132,158],"PDEs":[67],"entail":[68],"inaccuracies":[69],"slowness":[71],"utilizing":[73],"existing":[75,144],"numerical":[76,200],"methods,":[77],"such":[78],"as":[79,98],"Finite":[81],"Volume":[82],"Method":[83],"(FVM).":[84],"This":[85],"work":[86,186],"proposes":[87],"a":[88,99,129,194,198],"neural":[89,190],"network-based":[90,191],"method,":[91],"Physics":[93],"Informed":[94],"Neural":[95],"Network":[96],"(coPINN),":[97],"fast":[100],"accurate":[102],"mesh-free":[103],"solution":[104],"for":[105,128],"predicting":[106],"thermomechanical":[108],"states":[109],"AFSD":[112,139],"process.":[113],"In":[114,165],"case":[116],"studies,":[117],"proposed":[119,153],"coPINN":[120],"accurately":[121],"predicts":[122],"temperature":[126],"steady-state":[130],"non-linear":[131],"fluid":[133],"dynamics-heat":[134],"transfer":[135],"model":[136,196],"faster":[141],"than":[142,180,197],"FVM.":[145],"Comprehensive":[146],"comparisons":[147],"with":[148,175],"residual":[149],"errors":[150],"show":[151,172],"method\u2019s":[154],"trustworthiness":[155],"handling":[157],"physics,":[159],"non-linearity,":[160],"mixed":[162],"boundary":[163],"conditions.":[164],"addition,":[166],"solutions":[168,192],"our":[170],"approach":[171],"better":[173],"conformance":[174],"actual":[177],"experimental":[178],"data":[179],"FVM-based":[182],"solver.":[183],"Overall,":[184],"this":[185],"shows":[187],"more":[188],"efficient":[189],"PDEs-based":[195],"traditional":[199],"method.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-12-21T00:00:00"}