{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7115696132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3645644","title":"Novel RNN and Its Enhanced Variant Based on Direct Discretization Approach for Discrete-Form Time-Dependent Quadratic Programming","display_name":"Novel RNN and Its Enhanced Variant Based on Direct Discretization Approach for Discrete-Form Time-Dependent Quadratic Programming","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7115696132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3645644"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2025.3645644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3645644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3014-7858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108113","display_name":"Yango University","ror":"https://ror.org/01eqh1863","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Artificial Intelligence and Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Knowledge Management and Intelligent Service, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3014-7858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Artificial Intelligence and Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Knowledge Management and Intelligent Service, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612","https://openalex.org/I4210108113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Weijie Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8042-0189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108113","display_name":"Yango University","ror":"https://ror.org/01eqh1863","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijie Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Artificial Intelligence and Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Knowledge Management and Intelligent Service, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8042-0189","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Artificial Intelligence and Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Knowledge Management and Intelligent Service, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612","https://openalex.org/I4210108113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xinwei Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5728-1632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinwei Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5728-1632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0445-941X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multiscale Medical Robotics Center, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0445-941X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multiscale Medical Robotics Center, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiyun Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dimitrios K. Gerontitis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2148-0811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios K. Gerontitis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2148-0811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54626982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"1399","last_page":"1410"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10571","display_name":"Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics","score":0.8206999897956848,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10571","display_name":"Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics","score":0.8206999897956848,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.043699998408555984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11394","display_name":"Dynamics and Control of Mechanical Systems","score":0.022199999541044235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization","display_name":"Discretization","score":0.9150999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.6535999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-programming","display_name":"Quadratic programming","score":0.5917999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.5034000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization-of-continuous-features","display_name":"Discretization of continuous features","score":0.31299999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.9150999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6535999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5971999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81845259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290117","display_name":"Quadratic programming","level":2,"score":0.5917999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.5034000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4961000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105427703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665193","display_name":"Discretization of continuous features","level":4,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126148662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3890355","display_name":"Discretization error","level":3,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986605239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925667","display_name":"Numerical models","level":3,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2025.3645644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3645644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3026565072","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62476236","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8581092217","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61906164","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W605390454","https://openalex.org/W2922200192","https://openalex.org/W3196353935","https://openalex.org/W3198045838","https://openalex.org/W3199885834","https://openalex.org/W3212159742","https://openalex.org/W4200357095","https://openalex.org/W4206211217","https://openalex.org/W4282924228","https://openalex.org/W4285123922","https://openalex.org/W4312986307","https://openalex.org/W4315783921","https://openalex.org/W4318953232","https://openalex.org/W4320005547","https://openalex.org/W4320038897","https://openalex.org/W4321608455","https://openalex.org/W4364353503","https://openalex.org/W4368232266","https://openalex.org/W4377984109","https://openalex.org/W4378697080","https://openalex.org/W4380607179","https://openalex.org/W4382998956","https://openalex.org/W4384819646","https://openalex.org/W4385938146","https://openalex.org/W4387068261","https://openalex.org/W4387108091","https://openalex.org/W4389762816","https://openalex.org/W4389879612","https://openalex.org/W4391147904","https://openalex.org/W4391892527","https://openalex.org/W4393032903","https://openalex.org/W4394862641","https://openalex.org/W4396712995","https://openalex.org/W4396877974","https://openalex.org/W4396909819","https://openalex.org/W4401210954","https://openalex.org/W4401247208","https://openalex.org/W4401507722","https://openalex.org/W4408399684","https://openalex.org/W4410582064","https://openalex.org/W4412946563","https://openalex.org/W4413157006"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Discrete-form":[0],"time-dependent":[1,10,28,48],"quadratic":[2],"programming":[3],"(DF-TDQP)":[4],"problem,":[5,65],"as":[6],"a":[7,66,90],"type":[8],"of":[9,26,114,141,148],"problems,":[11,49],"is":[12,71,84,98,151],"prevalent":[13],"in":[14,44],"science":[15],"and":[16,112,119,127,130],"engineering.":[17],"Currently,":[18],"there":[19],"are":[20,122,132],"many":[21],"studies":[22],"on":[23,74,87,135],"the":[24,31,57,63,77,116,139,145],"discretization":[25,59,69],"continuous":[27],"problems":[29],"despite":[30],"fact":[32],"that":[33],"researchers":[34],"have":[35],"made":[36],"different":[37],"breakthroughs":[38],"using":[39],"recurrent":[40,80,94],"neural":[41],"networks":[42],"(RNNs)":[43],"dealing":[45],"with":[46],"discrete-form":[47,79,93],"relatively":[50],"limited":[51],"research":[52],"has":[53],"been":[54],"devoted":[55],"to":[56,101,144],"direct":[58,68],"approach.":[60],"To":[61],"solve":[62],"DF-TDQP":[64,108],"novel":[67,91],"approach":[70],"introduced.":[72],"Based":[73],"this":[75,88],"approach,":[76],"corresponding":[78],"neurodynamics":[81,95],"(DFRN)":[82],"model":[83,97,118,121],"developed.":[85],"Furthermore,":[86],"basis,":[89],"enhanced":[92],"(E-DFRN)":[96],"further":[99],"established":[100],"obtain":[102],"high-accuracy":[103],"optimal":[104],"solutions":[105],"for":[106],"such":[107],"problems.":[109],"The":[110],"accuracy":[111],"convergence":[113],"both":[115],"DFRN":[117],"E-DFRN":[120],"explained":[123],"through":[124],"theoretical":[125],"analysis,":[126],"their":[128],"effectiveness":[129],"superiority":[131],"validated":[133],"based":[134],"numerical":[136],"experiments.":[137],"Finally,":[138],"applicability":[140],"these":[142],"models":[143],"tracking":[146],"tasks":[147],"planar":[149],"manipulators":[150],"verified.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-12-17T00:00:00"}