{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413977848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3605990","title":"A Mixed-Reality-Augmented Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Multi-Robot Safe Motion Generation in Human\u2013Robot Collaborative Manufacturing Cells","display_name":"A Mixed-Reality-Augmented Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Multi-Robot Safe Motion Generation in Human\u2013Robot Collaborative Manufacturing Cells","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413977848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3605990"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2025.3605990","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3605990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015383599","display_name":"Chengxi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1921-7448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengxi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1921-7448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102567131","display_name":"Yue Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8369-8396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107949647","display_name":"H. Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hantao Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079101040","display_name":"Pai Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2329-8634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pai Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2329-8634","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083094281","display_name":"Satyandra K. Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-7903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satyandra K. Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-7903","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3331,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89627788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"21033","last_page":"21046"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.8720999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.8720999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6564238667488098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6306227445602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5168259739875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.5146916508674622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.5004546642303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.49717214703559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49495095014572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-learning","display_name":"Robot learning","score":0.46594321727752686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4632856249809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-kinematics","display_name":"Robot kinematics","score":0.42373186349868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.38712406158447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3775855004787445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.36876994371414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.35649436712265015}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6564238667488098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6306227445602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5168259739875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.5146916508674622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5004546642303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.49717214703559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49495095014572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188888258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353390","display_name":"Robot learning","level":4,"score":0.46594321727752686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4632856249809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74222875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000312","display_name":"Robot kinematics","level":4,"score":0.42373186349868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.38712406158447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3775855004787445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36876994371414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.35649436712265015}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2025.3605990","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3605990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2056501422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PolyU15206723","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5693063586","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52422514","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G904894229","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PolyU15210222","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2624190076","https://openalex.org/W2904246096","https://openalex.org/W2910779592","https://openalex.org/W2963523627","https://openalex.org/W2969816195","https://openalex.org/W3014017504","https://openalex.org/W3027805788","https://openalex.org/W3028077456","https://openalex.org/W3031534555","https://openalex.org/W3037164854","https://openalex.org/W3093989807","https://openalex.org/W3103389127","https://openalex.org/W3120928485","https://openalex.org/W3130132180","https://openalex.org/W3161546367","https://openalex.org/W3162737204","https://openalex.org/W3184525485","https://openalex.org/W3194286678","https://openalex.org/W3205513966","https://openalex.org/W3207612633","https://openalex.org/W3209094807","https://openalex.org/W4205258958","https://openalex.org/W4206291425","https://openalex.org/W4226443559","https://openalex.org/W4306399934","https://openalex.org/W4310541177","https://openalex.org/W4313397676","https://openalex.org/W4321021636","https://openalex.org/W4360897412","https://openalex.org/W4383108337","https://openalex.org/W4385338745","https://openalex.org/W4386766592","https://openalex.org/W4387587788","https://openalex.org/W4389665973","https://openalex.org/W4390738439","https://openalex.org/W4391361641","https://openalex.org/W4401416905","https://openalex.org/W4402716288","https://openalex.org/W4405938702","https://openalex.org/W4406891676"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2930863966","https://openalex.org/W2126211886","https://openalex.org/W3153786280","https://openalex.org/W3127551068","https://openalex.org/W4220829754","https://openalex.org/W2165180011","https://openalex.org/W3165944253","https://openalex.org/W2351343564","https://openalex.org/W2170052867","https://openalex.org/W2171010636"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Augmenting":[0],"capabilities":[1],"of":[2,23,43,106,126,163],"human":[3,33,50,63,84],"operators":[4],"with":[5,60,167,175],"multi-robot":[6,44,85,128],"cells":[7],"offers":[8],"substantial":[9],"advantages":[10],"for":[11,78,112],"increasing":[12],"productivity":[13],"in":[14,47,58,62,83,185],"manufacturing":[15,188],"applications.":[16],"This":[17],"synergy":[18],"effectively":[19],"combines":[20],"the":[21,72,89,127,154,161,164],"strengths":[22],"both":[24],"robots":[25],"and":[26,31,104,110,147,179],"humans,":[27,108],"maximizing":[28],"operational":[29],"efficiency":[30],"leveraging":[32],"capabilities.":[34],"However,":[35],"achieving":[36],"these":[37,67],"benefits":[38],"requires":[39],"real-time,":[40],"reactive":[41],"coordination":[42],"motion":[45,81,116,155],"generation":[46,82,117,125,156],"response":[48],"to":[49,99,120,151],"motion.":[51],"Current":[52],"approaches":[53],"face":[54],"significant":[55],"challenges,":[56],"particularly":[57],"dealing":[59],"uncertainties":[61],"motions.":[64],"To":[65],"address":[66,153],"issues,":[68],"this":[69],"paper":[70],"introduces":[71],"Deep":[73],"Reinforcement":[74],"Learning":[75],"(DRL)":[76],"approach":[77,91,135,139],"end-to-end":[79],"safe":[80],"collaborative":[86,187],"workspaces.":[87],"First,":[88],"DRL":[90,134],"is":[92,136],"augmented":[93],"by":[94],"adopting":[95],"mixed-reality":[96],"(MR)":[97],"features":[98],"facilitate":[100],"efficient":[101],"state":[102],"perception":[103],"representation":[105,142],"tasks,":[107],"robots,":[109],"scenes":[111],"enabling":[113],"effective":[114],"learning":[115],"policy.":[118],"Moreover,":[119],"better":[121,152],"promote":[122],"high-dimensional":[123],"action":[124,148],"systems":[129],"involving":[130],"human,":[131],"an":[132],"advanced":[133],"developed.":[137],"The":[138],"leverages":[140],"memory-enhanced":[141],"learning,":[143],"intrinsic":[144],"reward-guided":[145],"exploration,":[146],"space":[149],"pruning":[150],"challenges.":[157],"Empirical":[158],"testing":[159],"demonstrates":[160],"effectiveness":[162],"proposed":[165],"system,":[166],"experiments":[168],"showing":[169],"high":[170],"success":[171],"rates":[172],"across":[173],"tasks":[174],"varying":[176],"team":[177],"sizes":[178],"difficulty":[180],"levels,":[181],"thereby":[182],"demonstrating":[183],"applicability":[184],"human-robot":[186],"tasks.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}