{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408016814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3546281","title":"Proactive Contingency-Aware Task Allocation and Scheduling in Multi-Robot Multi-Human Cells via Hindsight Optimization","display_name":"Proactive Contingency-Aware Task Allocation and Scheduling in Multi-Robot Multi-Human Cells via Hindsight Optimization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408016814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3546281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2025.3546281","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3546281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043107209","display_name":"Neel Dhanaraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0275-1823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I144571360","display_name":"Viterbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/039p8pn96","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I144571360"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neel Dhanaraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144571360","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086173158","display_name":"Heramb Nemlekar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6806-9704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I144571360","display_name":"Viterbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/039p8pn96","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I144571360"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heramb Nemlekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144571360","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101765271","display_name":"Stefanos Nikolaidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1081-250X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I144571360","display_name":"Viterbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/039p8pn96","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I144571360"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefanos Nikolaidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144571360","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083094281","display_name":"Satyandra K. Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-7903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I144571360","display_name":"Viterbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/039p8pn96","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I144571360"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satyandra K. Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144571360","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043107209"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I144571360"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6751,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65610143,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"13046","last_page":"13060"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.9311000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.9311000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9211999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hindsight-bias","display_name":"Hindsight bias","score":0.9210028648376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6299644708633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5513137578964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5224030017852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processor-scheduling","display_name":"Processor scheduling","score":0.5213414430618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-shop-scheduling","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","score":0.4920463263988495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4913233816623688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency","display_name":"Contingency","score":0.46667778491973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-analysis","display_name":"Task analysis","score":0.4151771664619446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34710365533828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33865657448768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.32695019245147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25924152135849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.19500237703323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.14639919996261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1242033839225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.10714104771614075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.09165719151496887}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10347200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1960297","display_name":"Hindsight bias","level":2,"score":0.9210028648376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6299644708633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5513137578964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5224030017852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984822820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123036","display_name":"Processor scheduling","level":3,"score":0.5213414430618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.4920463263988495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4913233816623688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97508593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359069","display_name":"Contingency","level":2,"score":0.46667778491973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.4151771664619446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34710365533828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33865657448768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.32695019245147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25924152135849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.19500237703323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.14639919996261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1242033839225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.10714104771614075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.09165719151496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2025.3546281","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3546281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8135164585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRI 2024936","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1707207708","https://openalex.org/W1972391046","https://openalex.org/W1983511967","https://openalex.org/W2035292227","https://openalex.org/W2048449340","https://openalex.org/W2088557785","https://openalex.org/W2140929789","https://openalex.org/W2142502929","https://openalex.org/W2157488300","https://openalex.org/W2409715576","https://openalex.org/W2537545174","https://openalex.org/W2565919573","https://openalex.org/W2738967685","https://openalex.org/W2765726432","https://openalex.org/W2778917778","https://openalex.org/W2786533237","https://openalex.org/W2792294849","https://openalex.org/W2809349612","https://openalex.org/W2891190931","https://openalex.org/W2936516903","https://openalex.org/W2963352580","https://openalex.org/W2983519528","https://openalex.org/W3006115429","https://openalex.org/W3006275750","https://openalex.org/W3026643450","https://openalex.org/W3127794374","https://openalex.org/W3176499451","https://openalex.org/W3196220979","https://openalex.org/W3207251292","https://openalex.org/W3208678163","https://openalex.org/W3214258632","https://openalex.org/W4223536612","https://openalex.org/W4226210625","https://openalex.org/W4255654664","https://openalex.org/W4282946405","https://openalex.org/W4285024875","https://openalex.org/W4285209757","https://openalex.org/W4292414934","https://openalex.org/W4298128041","https://openalex.org/W4312453053","https://openalex.org/W4315606146","https://openalex.org/W4368232742","https://openalex.org/W4379382635","https://openalex.org/W4383108734","https://openalex.org/W4386736644","https://openalex.org/W4386766633","https://openalex.org/W4387124150","https://openalex.org/W4387124371","https://openalex.org/W4392007398","https://openalex.org/W4401415370","https://openalex.org/W4401416748","https://openalex.org/W4403678216","https://openalex.org/W4409696898","https://openalex.org/W6605199526","https://openalex.org/W6809703958"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3197854638","https://openalex.org/W3140454661","https://openalex.org/W4245029315","https://openalex.org/W1492315459","https://openalex.org/W1512434910","https://openalex.org/W2116365123","https://openalex.org/W2140213052","https://openalex.org/W4300941567","https://openalex.org/W2484276552","https://openalex.org/W2119358936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-robot":[0],"systems":[1],"are":[2],"becoming":[3],"more":[4,127],"common":[5],"in":[6,41,154,177,181,257],"various":[7],"real-world":[8,275],"applications,":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11,77,197],"manufacturing":[12,157],"and":[13,19,39,57,67,133,159,213,237,259,317],"warehouse":[14],"logistics.":[15],"However,":[16],"task":[17,37,44,80,115,120,143,211,227,235,289,310,332],"allocation":[18,81,116,144,212,311,333],"scheduling":[20],"for":[21,102,111,146,156,210,278,312],"a":[22,78,87,112,207,225,238,263,288,294,313,352],"multi-agent":[23],"team":[24],"face":[25],"complex":[26],"challenges":[27],"due":[28],"to":[29,32,52,106,139,173,185,204,223,286,291,328],"the":[30,55,75,92,103,108,135,141,147,166,190,280,282,300,307,319,330,338,348,359],"need":[31,184,222,285],"simultaneously":[33],"consider":[34,69,186,205],"time-extended":[35],"tasks,":[36],"constraints,":[38],"uncertainties":[40],"execution.":[42],"Potential":[43],"failures":[45],"or":[46],"contingencies":[47,60,193,258,362],"can":[48,61,164,194,255,268,344,364],"add":[49],"additional":[50],"tasks":[51,253,321],"recover":[53,292],"from":[54,171,246,271,293],"failures,":[56],"reactively":[58],"addressing":[59,279],"decrease":[62],"teaming":[63],"efficiency.":[64],"To":[65,215,298],"efficiently":[66],"proactively":[68],"contingencies,":[70],"this":[71],"paper":[72],"proposes":[73],"treating":[74],"problem":[76,93,117],"multi-robot":[79,114],"under":[82],"uncertainty":[83],"problem.":[84],"We":[85,97,150],"suggest":[86],"hierarchical":[88,226],"approach":[89,209],"that":[90,161,233,254,304,343,363],"divides":[91],"into":[94],"two":[95],"layers.":[96],"use":[98],"mathematical":[99],"program":[100],"formulation":[101],"lower":[104],"layer":[105],"find":[107,140],"optimal":[109,142],"solution":[110],"deterministic":[113],"with":[118,262],"known":[119],"outcomes.":[121],"The":[122,324],"higher-layer":[123],"search":[124,137],"intelligently":[125],"generates":[126],"likely":[128],"combinations":[129],"of":[130,168,192,340,361],"contingency":[131,187,296,341],"scenarios":[132,342],"calls":[134],"inner-level":[136],"repeatedly":[138,305],"sequence":[145],"given":[148],"scenario.":[149],"validate":[151],"our":[152,162,217],"results":[153],"simulation":[155,247],"applications":[158,183],"demonstrate":[160],"method":[163],"reduce":[165],"effect":[167],"potential":[169],"delays":[170],"contingencies.Note":[172],"Practitioners\u2014Automation":[174],"engineers":[175,220],"interested":[176],"deploying":[178],"robotic":[179],"cells":[180],"low-volume":[182],"handling.":[188],"When":[189],"occurrence":[191],"be":[195,244,269,345],"characterized":[196],"probability":[198],"distributions,":[199],"it":[200],"is":[201,334],"often":[202],"useful":[203],"using":[206],"proactive":[208,309],"scheduling.":[214],"implement":[216],"algorithm,":[218,301],"automation":[219],"will":[221,284],"develop":[224],"network":[228],"specified":[229],"by":[230,337],"domain":[231],"experts":[232],"models":[234],"constraints":[236],"task-agent":[239],"duration":[240],"model,":[241],"which":[242],"may":[243],"generated":[245,270],"environments.":[248],"Furthermore,":[249],"they":[250],"must":[251,350],"identify":[252],"result":[256],"describe":[260],"them":[261],"probabilistic":[264],"model.":[265],"This":[266],"model":[267],"historical":[272],"data":[273],"and/or":[274],"experiments.":[276],"Lastly,":[277],"contingency,":[281],"practitioner":[283,349],"specify":[287],"procedure":[290],"specific":[295],"type.":[297],"run":[299],"we":[302],"found":[303],"approximating":[306],"best":[308,320,331],"fixed":[314],"computation":[315,325],"budget":[316,326,355],"dispatching":[318],"worked":[322],"well.":[323],"required":[327],"approximate":[329],"directly":[335],"affected":[336],"number":[339,360],"sampled.":[346],"Therefore,":[347],"determine":[351],"suitable":[353],"computational":[354],"empirically":[356],"based":[357],"on":[358],"occur.":[365]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
