{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407360677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3541055","title":"eLabrador: A Wearable Navigation System for Visually Impaired Individuals","display_name":"eLabrador: A Wearable Navigation System for Visually Impaired Individuals","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407360677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3541055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2025.3541055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3541055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047682975","display_name":"Meina Kan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9483-875X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meina Kan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9483-875X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101479551","display_name":"Lixuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9230-9879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9230-9879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hao Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101684487","display_name":"Boyuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7286-931X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Minxue Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5158-0592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minxue Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5158-0592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100761789","display_name":"Dongyang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3342-8356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongyang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050297728","display_name":"Shiguang Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8348-392X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiguang Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8348-392X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083420537","display_name":"Xilin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3024-4404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xilin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3024-4404","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.6697,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98492957,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"12228","last_page":"12244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9302999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visually-impaired","display_name":"Visually impaired","score":0.8160305619239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.7265123724937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5604183077812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5096111297607422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4120839238166809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3397859036922455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3298848867416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3004223704338074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020106864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Visually impaired","level":2,"score":0.8160305619239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.7265123724937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5604183077812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5096111297607422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4120839238166809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3397859036922455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3298848867416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3004223704338074}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2025.3541055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3541055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G272497797","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62122074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8312731905","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2336213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G963100605","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021ZD0111901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1670326883","https://openalex.org/W1962389200","https://openalex.org/W1981611045","https://openalex.org/W1987270859","https://openalex.org/W2017048084","https://openalex.org/W2018853974","https://openalex.org/W2045949567","https://openalex.org/W2056136244","https://openalex.org/W2061118406","https://openalex.org/W2081271690","https://openalex.org/W2118067965","https://openalex.org/W2120436369","https://openalex.org/W2147891698","https://openalex.org/W2166190598","https://openalex.org/W2167229922","https://openalex.org/W2235753175","https://openalex.org/W2315531387","https://openalex.org/W2497066647","https://openalex.org/W2512654307","https://openalex.org/W2736525866","https://openalex.org/W2745859992","https://openalex.org/W2781228439","https://openalex.org/W2788539290","https://openalex.org/W2790493375","https://openalex.org/W2810012030","https://openalex.org/W2889459614","https://openalex.org/W2898741879","https://openalex.org/W2937897649","https://openalex.org/W2981380018","https://openalex.org/W2994546095","https://openalex.org/W2998357093","https://openalex.org/W3007098864","https://openalex.org/W3031694810","https://openalex.org/W3034475678","https://openalex.org/W3083074152","https://openalex.org/W3089852421","https://openalex.org/W3110054227","https://openalex.org/W3157348777","https://openalex.org/W3160539989","https://openalex.org/W3206532678","https://openalex.org/W3206731182","https://openalex.org/W3207432148","https://openalex.org/W4220716266","https://openalex.org/W4286209597","https://openalex.org/W4296784407","https://openalex.org/W4312815172","https://openalex.org/W4312852749","https://openalex.org/W4313915809","https://openalex.org/W4319653855","https://openalex.org/W4366551164","https://openalex.org/W4383108997","https://openalex.org/W4392645696","https://openalex.org/W4401415108","https://openalex.org/W4401416422","https://openalex.org/W6678081342","https://openalex.org/W6782318812","https://openalex.org/W6798837711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205667428","https://openalex.org/W4323567756","https://openalex.org/W1989937509","https://openalex.org/W2564493068","https://openalex.org/W309883579","https://openalex.org/W2012157391","https://openalex.org/W2585232498","https://openalex.org/W2562087406","https://openalex.org/W2122277836","https://openalex.org/W2616129665"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visually":[0],"impaired":[1,38,108,155,234,248,265,278,300,334,373,403],"individuals":[2,39,109,156,249,335,374],"encounter":[3],"significant":[4],"challenges":[5],"when":[6],"walking":[7,43,112,218,376],"and":[8,28,40,63,80,88,127,141,150,173,266,294,318,329,350,412],"acting":[9],"in":[10,14,60,110,113,157,175,250,283,341,375],"unfamiliar":[11,114,342],"environments,":[12,21],"particularly":[13],"outdoor":[15,20,115,158,176,251,260,284,343],"scenarios.":[16,159],"The":[17,117,196,253,270],"complexity":[18],"of":[19,36,192,316,352],"characterized":[22],"by":[23],"diverse":[24],"obstacles,":[25],"traffic":[26],"signals,":[27],"societal":[29],"norms,":[30],"poses":[31],"substantial":[32],"barriers":[33],"to":[34,74,105,138,168,214,228,232,242,280,332,370,385,405],"mobility":[35,349,411],"visually":[37,107,154,233,247,264,267,277,299,372,402],"makes":[41],"long-distance":[42,52,111,244],"especially":[44],"arduous.":[45],"Although":[46],"GPS-based":[47],"navigation":[48,100,152,230,245,296,367],"systems":[49,70],"can":[50,354],"facilitate":[51,243],"travel,":[53],"they":[54],"often":[55],"suffer":[56],"from":[57,208,381,391],"location":[58],"inaccuracies":[59],"urban":[61,177],"areas":[62],"even":[64],"completely":[65],"fail":[66],"indoors.":[67],"Moreover,":[68],"these":[69,93,237],"lack":[71],"the":[72,161,193,209,221,225,287],"capability":[73],"provide":[75,139],"detailed":[76,190],"information":[77,207,291],"about":[78,292],"walkways":[79],"immediate":[81],"surroundings,":[82],"which":[83],"are":[84,181],"crucial":[85],"for":[86,129,153,246],"safe":[87,142,151],"efficient":[89],"walking.":[90],"To":[91,358],"address":[92,359],"limitations,":[94],"we":[95],"introduce":[96],"a":[97,164,184,189,314,365,382,386],"proof-of-concept":[98],"wearable":[99,366],"system":[101,368],"named":[102],"eLabrador,":[103],"designed":[104],"assist":[106,371],"environments.":[116,178,252,285,344],"eLabrador":[118,162,254,274,288,369,399],"integrates":[119,200],"public":[120],"maps":[121],"(e.g.":[122],"Amap":[123],"or":[124],"Google":[125],"Maps)":[126],"GPS":[128],"global":[130,210],"route":[131,206],"planning,":[132],"while":[133],"leveraging":[134],"computational":[135],"visual":[136],"perception":[137],"precise":[140],"local":[143],"guidance.":[144],"This":[145],"hybrid":[146],"approach":[147],"enables":[148],"accurate":[149],"Specifically,":[160],"utilizes":[163,224],"head-mounted":[165],"RGB-D":[166],"camera":[167],"capture":[169],"environmental":[170],"geometric":[171],"terrain":[172],"objects":[174],"These":[179],"inputs":[180],"processed":[182],"into":[183],"3D":[185,202],"semantic":[186,203],"map,":[187],"offering":[188],"representation":[191],"surrounding":[194],"environment.":[195],"planning":[197],"module":[198,223],"then":[199],"this":[201,360,362],"map":[204,211],"with":[205,257],"(i.e.":[212],"Amap)":[213],"generate":[215],"an":[216,320],"optimized":[217],"path.":[219],"Finally,":[220],"interaction":[222],"audio-haptic":[226],"dual-channel":[227],"relay":[229],"instructions":[231],"user.":[235],"Together,":[236],"three":[238],"modules":[239],"work":[240],"seamlessly":[241],"is":[255],"evaluated":[256],"two":[258],"real-world":[259,392],"scenarios,":[261],"involving":[262,394],"10":[263,395],"masked":[268],"participants.":[269],"experiments":[271],"show":[272],"that":[273,310,398],"successfully":[275],"guides":[276,401],"participants":[279,312,396],"their":[281,304,348,406,410],"destinations":[282],"Additionally,":[286],"provides":[289],"descriptive":[290],"landmarks":[293],"other":[295],"cues,":[297],"helping":[298],"users":[301,404],"better":[302],"understand":[303],"surroundings.":[305],"Subjective":[306],"evaluations":[307],"further":[308],"indicate":[309],"most":[311],"felt":[313],"sense":[315],"safety":[317],"reported":[319],"acceptable":[321],"cognitive":[322],"load":[323],"during":[324],"navigation,":[325],"indicating":[326],"its":[327],"usability":[328],"effectiveness.":[330],"Note":[331],"Practitioners\u2014Visually":[333],"almost":[336],"cannot":[337],"walk":[338],"long":[339],"distance":[340],"Without":[345],"proper":[346],"assistance,":[347],"quality":[351],"life":[353],"be":[355],"severely":[356],"impacted.":[357],"issue,":[361],"article":[363],"presents":[364],"outdoors,":[377],"such":[378],"as":[379],"traveling":[380],"residential":[383],"entrance":[384],"nearby":[387],"park.":[388],"Experimental":[389],"results":[390],"scenarios":[393],"demonstrate":[397],"safely":[400],"destination,":[407],"significantly":[408],"enhancing":[409],"independence.":[413]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}