{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406345613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3529283","title":"Automated Sperm Tracking and Immobilization With a Clinically-Compatible XYZ Stage","display_name":"Automated Sperm Tracking and Immobilization With a Clinically-Compatible XYZ Stage","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406345613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3529283"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2025.3529283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3529283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014097801","display_name":"Haocong Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3888-6850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haocong Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101827049","display_name":"Wen\u2010Yuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8652-7441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066331381","display_name":"Guanqiao Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2570-769X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanqiao Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037119790","display_name":"Changsheng Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8293-0097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changsheng Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070546317","display_name":"Steven Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053853580","display_name":"Aojun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6674-2398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aojun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100338895","display_name":"Hang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-4236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100652271","display_name":"Zhuoran Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-4210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoran Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077878309","display_name":"Yu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-0741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014097801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6439,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94351468,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"10764","last_page":"10774"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10364","display_name":"Reproductive Biology and Fertility","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10364","display_name":"Reproductive Biology and Fertility","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10116","display_name":"Sperm and Testicular Function","score":0.9685999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sperm","display_name":"Sperm","score":0.45996174216270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4432756304740906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.42829808592796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4185529947280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3994821608066559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.3502221405506134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.18993377685546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/andrology","display_name":"Andrology","score":0.14042416214942932}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781087480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17145","display_name":"Sperm","level":2,"score":0.45996174216270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4432756304740906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.42829808592796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4185529947280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3994821608066559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3502221405506134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18993377685546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16685009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335057","display_name":"Andrology","level":1,"score":0.14042416214942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2025.3529283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2025.3529283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","display_name":"Canada Research Chairs","ror":"https://ror.org/0517h6h17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015128267","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2048605796","https://openalex.org/W2062137779","https://openalex.org/W2092009101","https://openalex.org/W2102949194","https://openalex.org/W2103168411","https://openalex.org/W2111691855","https://openalex.org/W2124781496","https://openalex.org/W2162038986","https://openalex.org/W2197016462","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2252355370","https://openalex.org/W2331382291","https://openalex.org/W2511791013","https://openalex.org/W2603203130","https://openalex.org/W2769907781","https://openalex.org/W2804200704","https://openalex.org/W2808906727","https://openalex.org/W2903999475","https://openalex.org/W2904061522","https://openalex.org/W2907926387","https://openalex.org/W2920942303","https://openalex.org/W2982528182","https://openalex.org/W2998948479","https://openalex.org/W3084173793","https://openalex.org/W3094000868","https://openalex.org/W3095797404","https://openalex.org/W3097181561","https://openalex.org/W3106763294","https://openalex.org/W3141731035","https://openalex.org/W3165926952","https://openalex.org/W4220766453","https://openalex.org/W4220901398","https://openalex.org/W4229458106","https://openalex.org/W4286904999","https://openalex.org/W4289538814","https://openalex.org/W4312868755","https://openalex.org/W4364856662","https://openalex.org/W4379409320","https://openalex.org/W4401507428","https://openalex.org/W6798838024","https://openalex.org/W6839744764"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2009261355","https://openalex.org/W2056763346","https://openalex.org/W2926418838","https://openalex.org/W1954124673","https://openalex.org/W2909174519","https://openalex.org/W2074420162","https://openalex.org/W1967662877","https://openalex.org/W1974514111","https://openalex.org/W1980869793"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"positioning":[1,98,134,188,214,255,310,364,397],"systems":[2,65,274],"play":[3],"a":[4,20,81,136,177,205,212,232,238,307,404],"pivotal":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,85,265,319,419],"micro-scale":[8],"cell":[9,411,422],"manipulation.":[10,412],"In":[11],"clinical":[12,76,110,293],"intracytoplasmic":[13,267],"sperm":[14,22,43,49,55,101,121,138,152,165,179,192,206,213,246,264,268,277,317,324,333,372,389],"injection":[15,269],"(ICSI)":[16,270],"for":[17,31,67,100,143,244,257,276,409],"infertility":[18],"treatment,":[19],"motile":[21],"needs":[23],"to":[24,71,127,185,249,314,329,352,382],"be":[25,105,400],"immobilized":[26],"by":[27,358,432],"glass":[28],"micropipette":[29],"tapping":[30],"subsequent":[32],"surgical":[33],"steps.":[34],"The":[35,338,395,413],"process":[36],"requires":[37],"accurate":[38],"tracking":[39,118,139,207,415],"of":[40,79,116,132,189,209,216,235,241,261,287,304,362,370,386],"the":[41,48,52,68,74,114,119,128,133,151,155,164,190,194,201,229,258,266,302,331,335,347,359,363,368,371,384,388,426,433],"target":[42,120,191,332],"and":[44,51,62,94,154,211,237,290,298,354],"precise":[45,187],"alignment":[46],"between":[47,150],"tail":[50],"micropipette.":[53],"Manual":[54],"immobilization":[56,102,195,260,278,318,325,336],"suffers":[57],"from":[58],"inconsistent":[59],"success":[60,233],"rates,":[61],"current":[63],"robotic":[64,87,259,273,316],"developed":[66,275,313,328,396],"task":[69],"fail":[70],"comply":[72],"with":[73,122,176,295],"standard":[75,109,292,405],"setup.":[77],"Instead":[78],"using":[80],"motorized":[82,280],"micromanipulator":[83],"as":[84],"existing":[86],"systems,":[88],"this":[89],"paper":[90],"presents":[91,252],"an":[92,157,253,320,375],"automated":[93,245,254],"compact":[95,308],"three-dimensional":[96],"(3-D)":[97],"stage":[99],"that":[103,200],"can":[104,344,399],"seamlessly":[106],"integrated":[107,402],"into":[108,403],"platforms.":[111],"To":[112,146],"tackle":[113],"challenge":[115],"accurately":[117],"degraded":[123,434],"detection":[124,349,427],"quality":[125],"due":[126,351],"complex":[129],"3-D":[130,309,360],"motion":[131,180],"stage,":[135],"multi-stage":[137,340],"scheme":[140,416],"is":[141,169,182,312,327,380,393,417],"designed":[142],"detection-to-tracklet":[144],"association.":[145],"prevent":[147],"physical":[148],"contact":[149],"head":[153,166,373,390],"micropipette,":[156],"adaptive":[158,376],"tail-tapping":[159,377],"planning":[160,378],"strategy":[161,379],"based":[162],"on":[163,367],"orientation":[167],"analysis":[168,369,423],"established.":[170],"A":[171,323],"visual":[172],"servo":[173],"controller":[174],"equipped":[175],"dynamic":[178],"observer":[181],"further":[183],"employed":[184],"achieve":[186],"during":[193,334],"process.":[196,271,337],"Experimental":[197],"results":[198,350,428],"demonstrated":[199],"proposed":[202,339,414],"system":[203,230,256,311,398],"achieved":[204,231],"accuracy":[208,215],"88.12%,":[210],"<inline-formula":[217],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[218],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[219],"<tex-math":[220],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$2.3~\\pm":[221],"~1.2~\\mu":[222],"$":[223],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[224],"m.":[225],"Further":[226],"experiments":[227],"revealed":[228],"rate":[234],"93.5%":[236],"time":[239],"cost":[240],"5.5":[242],"s":[243],"immobilization.":[247],"Note":[248],"Practitioners\u2014This":[250],"work":[251],"live":[262],"human":[263],"Conventional":[272],"use":[279],"stages":[281],"which":[282],"only":[283],"provide":[284],"two":[285],"degrees":[286],"freedom":[288],"(DOF)":[289],"disturb":[291],"setups":[294],"bulky":[296],"sizes":[297],"additional":[299],"equipment.":[300],"Leveraging":[301],"advantages":[303],"piezoelectric":[305],"positioners,":[306],"perform":[315],"all-in-one":[321],"manner.":[322],"tracker":[326],"track":[330],"data":[341],"association":[342],"metric":[343],"effectively":[345],"resist":[346],"noisy":[348],"occlusion":[353],"out-of-focus":[355],"blur":[356],"introduced":[357],"movement":[361],"stage.":[365],"Based":[366],"orientation,":[374],"established":[381],"avoid":[383],"risk":[385],"contacting":[387],"where":[391,425],"DNA":[392],"contained.":[394],"easily":[401],"microscopy":[406,421],"operation":[407],"platform":[408],"biological":[410],"applicable":[418],"various":[420],"scenarios":[424],"are":[429],"inevitably":[430],"affected":[431],"image":[435],"quality.":[436]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
