{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405520321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2024.3510336","title":"NEST: Network-Energy-Stress Threat Against Thermal Energy Equipment","display_name":"NEST: Network-Energy-Stress Threat Against Thermal Energy Equipment","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405520321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2024.3510336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2024.3510336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2024.3510336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032397010","display_name":"Han-Qi Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanqi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MOE KLINNS Laboratory, Xi&#x00C3;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","MOE KLINNS Laboratory, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9937-8254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MOE KLINNS Laboratory, Xi&#x00C3;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE KLINNS Laboratory, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457880","display_name":"Ya\u2010Ling He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7000-5769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaling He","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101554099","display_name":"Ting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7600-0934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MOE KLINNS Laboratory, Xi&#x00C3;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","MOE KLINNS Laboratory, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7600-0934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MOE KLINNS Laboratory, Xi&#x00C3;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE KLINNS Laboratory, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4075-1971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MOE KLINNS Laboratory, Xi&#x00C3;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","MOE KLINNS Laboratory, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4075-1971","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MOE KLINNS Laboratory, Xi&#x00C3;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE KLINNS Laboratory, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jinao Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5069-1903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinao Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MOE KLINNS Laboratory, Xi&#x00C3;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","MOE KLINNS Laboratory, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5069-1903","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MOE KLINNS Laboratory, Xi&#x00C3;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE KLINNS Laboratory, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635948","display_name":"Xiangming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6261-0937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MOE KLINNS Laboratory, Xi&#x00C3;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","MOE KLINNS Laboratory, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6261-0937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MOE KLINNS Laboratory, Xi&#x00C3;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE KLINNS Laboratory, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39383562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"9622","last_page":"9635"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12129","display_name":"Global Energy Security and Policy","score":0.7049000263214111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2100","display_name":"General Energy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12129","display_name":"Global Energy Security and Policy","score":0.7049000263214111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2100","display_name":"General Energy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5992298126220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","score":0.5239424705505371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-energy","display_name":"Thermal energy","score":0.5046290159225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36302390694618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.35780835151672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3425212800502777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1480858027935028}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5992298126220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5239424705505371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107861326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209233","display_name":"Thermal energy","level":2,"score":0.5046290159225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36302390694618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35780835151672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3425212800502777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1480858027935028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2024.3510336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2024.3510336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1054163106","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M683520","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1366928578","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272373","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1828253250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62232014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3545694276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62293500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6442699438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62293502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7355380096","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62293501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972757409","https://openalex.org/W2010892204","https://openalex.org/W2030585801","https://openalex.org/W2267668147","https://openalex.org/W2599989678","https://openalex.org/W2886864251","https://openalex.org/W2990170928","https://openalex.org/W3000624919","https://openalex.org/W3096461570","https://openalex.org/W3108114678","https://openalex.org/W3133532837","https://openalex.org/W3135773993","https://openalex.org/W3156988562","https://openalex.org/W3166139167","https://openalex.org/W3213652518","https://openalex.org/W3216980468","https://openalex.org/W4200546447","https://openalex.org/W4206163232","https://openalex.org/W4210531868","https://openalex.org/W4210804094","https://openalex.org/W4214940419","https://openalex.org/W4281649242","https://openalex.org/W4285144705","https://openalex.org/W4288535795","https://openalex.org/W4295700758","https://openalex.org/W4306929358","https://openalex.org/W4309771115","https://openalex.org/W4321791154","https://openalex.org/W4322742032","https://openalex.org/W4366750975","https://openalex.org/W4389776585","https://openalex.org/W4390734617","https://openalex.org/W4391515290","https://openalex.org/W4394893863","https://openalex.org/W4396817539","https://openalex.org/W6744933838","https://openalex.org/W6839356822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3008956431","https://openalex.org/W3007404728","https://openalex.org/W2374021052","https://openalex.org/W2110536732","https://openalex.org/W1984740135","https://openalex.org/W3117958761","https://openalex.org/W1984514811","https://openalex.org/W4280521631","https://openalex.org/W2094967319","https://openalex.org/W3118961085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thermal":[0],"energy":[1,11,15,84,97,132,199,268,295],"equipment,":[2,98],"a":[3,91,168,183,257,260,315],"critical":[4,297],"component":[5,298],"for":[6],"transferring":[7],"and":[8,69,153,201,209,252],"utilizing":[9,160],"thermal":[10,83,96,117,122,131,198,267,288,294],"derived":[12],"from":[13,48,107,177],"primary":[14],"sources,":[16],"is":[17,218,256],"indispensable":[18],"in":[19,56,62,240,301],"Industrial":[20,228],"Control":[21,229],"Systems":[22,230],"(ICSs).":[23],"With":[24],"the":[25,40,49,79,100,108,130,135,146,161,178,192,195,203,206,210,221,276,306],"deep":[26],"integration":[27],"of":[28,82,116,149,194,205,224,248,250,259,305],"information":[29],"technologies,":[30],"ICSs":[31,57,241],"are":[32],"threatened":[33],"by":[34,46,220,233],"new":[35],"cyber-physical":[36,53,80,93,169,234,237,264],"security":[37,54,81,238],"risks,":[38],"where":[39],"physical":[41,127,225,253,291],"systems":[42,68],"could":[43,111],"be":[44],"influenced":[45],"attacks":[47,106,284],"cyber":[50,109,283],"network.":[51],"While":[52,236],"risks":[55,239],"have":[58,190,242],"been":[59,76,243,309],"well":[60,244],"studied":[61,245],"various":[63],"domains,":[64],"such":[65],"as":[66],"power":[67],"smart":[70],"structural":[71],"systems,":[72],"little":[73],"attention":[74],"has":[75,308],"paid":[77],"to":[78,129,144,172,214,227,262,266,280,293],"equipment.":[85,133,269],"In":[86],"this":[87,272],"paper,":[88],"we":[89,138,166,274],"propose":[90,139,167,275],"novel":[92],"threat":[94,147,223],"against":[95,197],"namely":[99],"Network-Energy-Stress":[101,277],"Threat":[102,278],"(NEST),":[103],"which":[104],"reveals":[105],"network":[110],"induce":[112,126,286],"an":[113,140,155],"inhomogeneous":[114],"distribution":[115],"energy,":[118],"thus":[119],"causing":[120,290],"remarkable":[121],"stress":[123],"that":[124],"can":[125,285],"damage":[128,226,292],"From":[134],"attacker\u2019s":[136],"perspective,":[137],"inherent":[141],"vulnerability-based":[142],"algorithm":[143,208],"explore":[145],"space":[148],"potential":[150],"attack":[151,158],"strategies":[152],"find":[154],"approximately":[156],"optimal":[157],"strategy":[159],"nonlinear":[162],"NEST":[163,196,307],"model.":[164],"Then,":[165],"defense":[170],"method":[171],"detect":[173],"anomalous":[174],"states":[175],"stemming":[176],"NEST.":[179],"Experimental":[180],"results":[181,313],"on":[182,314],"simulated":[184,316],"Solar":[185,317],"Power":[186,318],"Tower":[187,319],"(SPT)":[188,320],"plant":[189],"validated":[191],"existence":[193,304],"equipment":[200],"demonstrated":[202,310],"effectiveness":[204],"proposed":[207,211],"detector.":[212],"Note":[213],"Practitioners\u2014":[215],"This":[216],"paper":[217],"motivated":[219],"practical":[222],"(ICSs)":[231],"caused":[232],"attacks.":[235],"across":[246],"plenty":[247],"types":[249],"ICS":[251],"infrastructures,":[254],"there":[255],"lack":[258],"framework":[261],"describe":[263],"threats":[265],"To":[270],"address":[271],"issue,":[273],"(NEST)":[279],"reveal":[281],"how":[282],"abnormal":[287],"stress,":[289],"equipment\u2014a":[296],"widely":[299],"deployed":[300],"ICSs.":[302],"The":[303],"through":[311],"experimental":[312],"plant.":[321]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
