{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399146400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2024.3403709","title":"Introducing Novice Operators to Collaborative Robots: A Hands-On Approach for Learning and Training","display_name":"Introducing Novice Operators to Collaborative Robots: A Hands-On Approach for Learning and Training","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399146400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2024.3403709"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2024.3403709","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2024.3403709","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8856/4358066/10541940.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8856/4358066/10541940.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008824674","display_name":"Andreas Kornmaaler Hansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2128-3172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I315070680","display_name":"University College of Northern Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/056c4z730","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315070680"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Kornmaaler Hansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Industrial Production, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","Department of Architecture, Design and Media Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","Industrial Digital Transformation, University College of Northern Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2128-3172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Industrial Production, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architecture, Design and Media Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Digital Transformation, University College of Northern Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I315070680"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035612059","display_name":"Valeria Villani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7619-0101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valeria Villani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering (DISMI), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7619-0101","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering (DISMI), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066389295","display_name":"Andrea Pupa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1861-6482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Pupa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering (DISMI), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1861-6482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering (DISMI), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058259528","display_name":"Astrid Heidemann Lassen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8953-7861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Astrid Heidemann Lassen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Industrial Production, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Industrial Production, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.924,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94096877,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"3933","last_page":"3946"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13482","display_name":"Engineering Education and Technology","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13482","display_name":"Engineering Education and Technology","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11687","display_name":"Teleoperation and Haptic Systems","score":0.9783999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6960934996604919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.6431750059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5769067406654358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5756261944770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4526573717594147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6960934996604919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.6431750059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5769067406654358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5756261944770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4526573717594147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2024.3403709","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2024.3403709","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8856/4358066/10541940.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1341606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1341606","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1341606","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400718","display_name":"IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2024.3403709","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2024.3403709","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8856/4358066/10541940.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399146400.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399146400.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560270123","https://openalex.org/W1969152782","https://openalex.org/W1984683739","https://openalex.org/W2051910344","https://openalex.org/W2084742295","https://openalex.org/W2086113803","https://openalex.org/W2131799829","https://openalex.org/W2208145366","https://openalex.org/W2302290679","https://openalex.org/W2509165375","https://openalex.org/W2555647367","https://openalex.org/W2592630103","https://openalex.org/W2736053348","https://openalex.org/W2743998679","https://openalex.org/W2789444712","https://openalex.org/W2789716407","https://openalex.org/W2789905221","https://openalex.org/W2804659270","https://openalex.org/W2949000601","https://openalex.org/W2969630713","https://openalex.org/W2986257753","https://openalex.org/W3022213940","https://openalex.org/W3029326580","https://openalex.org/W3044705930","https://openalex.org/W3132922490","https://openalex.org/W3138335083","https://openalex.org/W3162737204","https://openalex.org/W3174702972","https://openalex.org/W3186028265","https://openalex.org/W3214291795","https://openalex.org/W3215403832","https://openalex.org/W3216586189","https://openalex.org/W4221026066","https://openalex.org/W4239720002","https://openalex.org/W4245258289","https://openalex.org/W4285814173","https://openalex.org/W4307477283","https://openalex.org/W4328007308","https://openalex.org/W6862287219"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W230091440","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2233261550","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2810751659"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Collaborative":[0],"robots":[1,250,281,293,304],"(cobots)":[2],"have":[3,69],"seen":[4],"widespread":[5,43],"adoption":[6,245],"in":[7,181,230,266,355,423,425,431],"industrial":[8,37],"applications":[9],"over":[10],"the":[11,41,102,151,177,194,205,225,241,244,256,279,292,298,337,384,409,412,419],"last":[12],"decade.":[13],"Cobots":[14],"can":[15,459],"be":[16,263,288,353,373],"placed":[17],"outside":[18],"protective":[19],"cages":[20],"and":[21,29,48,62,107,124,141,149,163,171,184,282,310,318,327,350,366,381,389,456],"are":[22,99,211,394],"generally":[23],"regarded":[24],"as":[25,383],"much":[26],"more":[27,80,275,306],"intuitive":[28],"easy":[30],"to":[31,34,50,79,92,109,115,131,139,186,204,213,235,262,343,368,375,408,427,434],"program":[32,116,132],"compared":[33],"larger":[35],"classical":[36],"robots.":[38,84,118],"However,":[39,85,437],"despite":[40],"cobots\u2019":[42],"adoption,":[44],"their":[45],"collaborative":[46,83,117,134,249,280,303,332,400,421],"potential":[47,257],"opportunity":[49],"aid":[51],"flexible":[52,307],"production":[53,271],"processes":[54],"seem":[55],"hindered":[56],"by":[57,240],"a":[58,127,133,155,161,219,259,270,331,356,376,405,415,461],"lack":[59],"of":[60,87,104,157,221,228,232,246,269,290,301,339,379,441],"training":[61,97,144,152,207,358,429],"understanding":[63],"from":[64],"shop":[65,110],"floor":[66,111],"workers.":[67],"Researchers":[68],"focused":[70],"on":[71,146,154,418],"technical":[72],"solutions,":[73],"which":[74,334,360],"allow":[75],"novice":[76,128],"robot":[77,261,308,397,401,422],"users":[78],"easily":[81],"train":[82],"most":[86],"this":[88,321],"work":[89],"has":[90],"yet":[91],"leave":[93],"research":[94],"labs.":[95],"Therefore,":[96,404],"methods":[98],"needed":[100],"with":[101,438],"goal":[103],"transferring":[105,182],"skills":[106,125,185,326,351,367,382,388,455],"knowledge":[108,123,183,328,349,365,380,390,457],"workers":[112,277],"about":[113],"how":[114,138,347],"We":[119,136,166,174,345,450],"identify":[120,324,393],"general":[121,325,395],"basic":[122],"that":[126,176,243,391,435,452],"must":[129],"master":[130],"robot.":[135,165],"present":[137],"structure":[140],"facilitate":[142],"cobot":[143],"based":[145],"cognitive":[147],"apprenticeship":[148],"test":[150],"framework":[153,371],"total":[156],"20":[158],"participants":[159],"using":[160],"UR10e":[162],"UR3e":[164],"considered":[167],"two":[168],"conditions:":[169],"adaptive":[170,195],"self-regulated":[172,197],"training.":[173],"found":[175,189],"facilitation":[178],"was":[179,238],"effective":[180],"novices,":[187],"however,":[188,399],"no":[190],"conclusive":[191],"difference":[192],"between":[193],"or":[196],"approach.":[198],"The":[199,387],"results":[200],"demonstrate":[201],"that,":[202],"thanks":[203],"proposed":[206],"method,":[208],"both":[209],"groups":[210],"able":[212],"significantly":[214],"reduce":[215],"task":[216],"time,":[217],"achieving":[218],"reduction":[220],"40%,":[222],"while":[223],"maintaining":[224],"same":[226],"level":[227],"performance":[229],"terms":[231],"position":[233],"error.Note":[234],"Practitioners\u2014This":[236],"paper":[237],"motivated":[239],"fact":[242],"smaller,":[247],"so-called":[248],"is":[251],"increasing":[252],"within":[253],"manufacturing":[254],"but":[255],"for":[258,329,414],"single":[260],"used":[264],"flexibly":[265],"multiple":[267],"places":[268],"seems":[272],"unfulfilled.":[273],"If":[274],"unskilled":[276],"understood":[278],"received":[283],"structured":[284,357],"training,":[285],"they":[286],"would":[287],"capable":[289],"programming":[291,330,364,463],"independently.":[294],"This":[295,370],"could":[296],"change":[297],"current":[299],"landscape":[300],"stationary":[302],"towards":[305],"use":[309],"thereby":[311],"increase":[312,336],"companies\u2019":[313],"internal":[314],"overall":[315],"equipment":[316],"efficiency":[317],"competencies.":[319],"To":[320],"end,":[322],"we":[323,392],"robot,":[333],"helps":[335],"transparency":[338],"what":[340],"novices":[341],"need":[342,413],"know.":[344],"show":[346,451],"such":[348],"may":[352,372],"facilitated":[354],"framework,":[359],"effectively":[361],"transfers":[362],"necessary":[363],"novices.":[369],"applied":[374],"wider":[377],"scope":[378],"learner":[385],"progresses.":[386],"across":[396],"platforms,":[398],"interfaces":[402],"differ.":[403],"practical":[406],"limitation":[407],"approach":[410],"includes":[411],"knowledgeable":[416],"person":[417],"specific":[420,433],"question":[424],"order":[426],"create":[428],"material":[430],"areas":[432,458],"model.":[436],"our":[439],"list":[440],"identified":[442],"skills,":[443],"it":[444],"provides":[445],"an":[446],"easier":[447],"starting":[448],"point.":[449],"relatively":[453],"few":[454],"enhance":[460],"novice\u2019s":[462],"capability.":[464]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-04T08:18:43.703281","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
