{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391468506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2024.3357204","title":"A Physics-Constrained TD3 Algorithm for Simultaneous Virtual Inertia and Damping Control of Grid-Connected Variable Speed DFIG Wind Turbines","display_name":"A Physics-Constrained TD3 Algorithm for Simultaneous Virtual Inertia and Damping Control of Grid-Connected Variable Speed DFIG Wind Turbines","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391468506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2024.3357204"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2024.3357204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2024.3357204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048023730","display_name":"Osarodion E. Egbomwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8086-5554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Osarodion Emmanuel Egbomwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Intelligent Robotic and Energy Systems (IRES) Research Group, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","Department of Electronics, Intelligent Robotic and Energy Systems (IRES) Research Group, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Intelligent Robotic and Energy Systems (IRES) Research Group, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Intelligent Robotic and Energy Systems (IRES) Research Group, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074897163","display_name":"Hicham Chaoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8728-3653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hicham Chaoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Intelligent Robotic and Energy Systems (IRES) Research Group, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","Department of Electronics, Intelligent Robotic and Energy Systems (IRES) Research Group, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Intelligent Robotic and Energy Systems (IRES) Research Group, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Intelligent Robotic and Energy Systems (IRES) Research Group, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100682515","display_name":"Shichao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3163-161X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shichao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048023730"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.713,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89177308,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"958","last_page":"969"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6154817342758179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.5964918732643127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5735041499137878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertia","display_name":"Inertia","score":0.561075747013092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.5451149940490723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.382550448179245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3715333938598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3616824150085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3533020317554474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.33371737599372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.20859220623970032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.193004310131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics","display_name":"Classical mechanics","score":0.11698856949806213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6154817342758179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5964918732643127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5735041499137878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110407247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122508","display_name":"Inertia","level":2,"score":0.561075747013092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.5451149940490723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.382550448179245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3715333938598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3616824150085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3533020317554474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.33371737599372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20859220623970032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.193004310131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.11698856949806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2024.3357204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2024.3357204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9200000166893005,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043470719","https://openalex.org/W2082662944","https://openalex.org/W2343422448","https://openalex.org/W2553566779","https://openalex.org/W2620557118","https://openalex.org/W2768544882","https://openalex.org/W2795977484","https://openalex.org/W2889892954","https://openalex.org/W2905491592","https://openalex.org/W2915359362","https://openalex.org/W2971724028","https://openalex.org/W2977117228","https://openalex.org/W2990017150","https://openalex.org/W2998922083","https://openalex.org/W3002882690","https://openalex.org/W3005637364","https://openalex.org/W3019123671","https://openalex.org/W3032004508","https://openalex.org/W3039214360","https://openalex.org/W3045880690","https://openalex.org/W3097760678","https://openalex.org/W3097787172","https://openalex.org/W3102904972","https://openalex.org/W3108392578","https://openalex.org/W3112804989","https://openalex.org/W3117972370","https://openalex.org/W3138340146","https://openalex.org/W3180762274","https://openalex.org/W3193362643","https://openalex.org/W3199945038","https://openalex.org/W3201449713","https://openalex.org/W3214773951","https://openalex.org/W4206415146","https://openalex.org/W4206639877","https://openalex.org/W4206780994","https://openalex.org/W4214759040","https://openalex.org/W4283766892","https://openalex.org/W4285129204","https://openalex.org/W4285260202","https://openalex.org/W4287883046","https://openalex.org/W4294719302","https://openalex.org/W4312470583","https://openalex.org/W4312923421","https://openalex.org/W4319996449","https://openalex.org/W4323345762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979758163","https://openalex.org/W2294490033","https://openalex.org/W1985052846","https://openalex.org/W4386036352","https://openalex.org/W2077400647","https://openalex.org/W3213378276","https://openalex.org/W2009592572","https://openalex.org/W603259671","https://openalex.org/W2084164645","https://openalex.org/W1972463868"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,219],"paper":[1],"proposed":[2,98,124,169,273,285,318,348],"a":[3,21,32,42,210,263,274],"physics-constrained":[4,276],"twin":[5],"delayed":[6],"deep":[7,34],"deterministic":[8],"policy":[9],"gradient":[10],"(TD3)":[11],"algorithm":[12],"for":[13,295],"simultaneous":[14],"virtual":[15,116,243,279,332],"inertia":[16,117,333],"and":[17,38,136,142,145,198,204,244,281,293,314],"damping":[18,245,282],"control":[19,52,233,246,286,328],"of":[20,69,79,96,167,206,227,266,316,322,346],"grid-connected":[22],"variable":[23],"speed":[24],"doubly-fed":[25],"induction":[26],"generator":[27],"(DFIG)":[28],"wind":[29,71,141,178,208,215,229,254],"turbine":[30,179,255],"using":[31],"combined":[33],"reinforcement":[35],"learning":[36],"(DRL)":[37],"quadratic":[39],"programming":[40],"as":[41,191],"novel":[43,275],"solution":[44],"to":[45,174,237],"suppress":[46],"frequency":[47,134,138,192,250,299],"fluctuations":[48],"caused":[49],"by":[50],"the":[51,56,60,65,70,77,80,85,94,97,119,123,131,153,159,165,177,182,207,224,258,297,306,312,326,343],"mechanism":[53],"which":[54],"decouples":[55],"active":[57],"power":[58,187,196,200],"from":[59,87,290],"system":[61,110,133,156,310],"frequency,":[62],"thus":[63,83],"hiding":[64],"rotating":[66],"kinetic":[67],"energy":[68,216],"generator.":[72],"The":[73,202,241,284],"optimization":[74],"stage":[75],"modifies":[76],"action":[78],"DRL":[81],"agent,":[82],"preventing":[84],"agent":[86,287],"taking":[88],"certain":[89],"unsafe":[90,291],"actions.":[91],"We":[92],"tested":[93],"effectiveness":[95,315],"scheme":[99,125],"under":[100,140,338],"various":[101,339],"scenarios":[102,341],"through":[103],"simulations":[104],"on":[105,152],"an":[106],"IEEE":[107,154,307],"9-bus":[108],"test":[109,151],"in":[111,186,213,252],"MATLAB/Simulink.":[112],"Compared":[113],"with":[114,130,223,305,325],"other":[115],"controls,":[118],"results":[120,185,304],"show":[121],"that":[122,158],"achieved":[126],"improved":[127],"dynamic":[128],"performance":[129,166,345],"lowest":[132],"deviation":[135],"fastest":[137],"recovery":[139],"load":[143],"variations":[144],"severe":[146,199],"grid":[147,160,184,298],"faults.":[148],"A":[149,320],"further":[150],"39-bus":[155],"shows":[157],"size":[161],"does":[162],"not":[163],"affect":[164],"our":[168,317,323,347],"technique.":[170],"<italic":[171],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[172],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Note":[173],"Practitioners</i>":[175],"\u2014Integrating":[176],"systems":[180],"into":[181],"utility":[183],"quality":[188],"problems":[189],"such":[190],"fluctuation,":[193],"voltage":[194],"dip,":[195],"loss,":[197],"outages.":[201],"unpredictability":[203],"uncontrollability":[205],"pose":[209],"serious":[211],"problem":[212,220],"integrating":[214],"conversion":[217],"systems.":[218,256],"becomes":[221],"worse":[222],"increasing":[225],"number":[226],"connected":[228],"turbines.":[230],"Therefore,":[231],"new":[232],"strategies":[234],"are":[235],"required":[236],"mitigate":[238],"this":[239,267,270],"issue.":[240],"droop-based":[242,331],"method":[247,324],"traditionally":[248],"provides":[249],"support":[251],"grid-tied":[253],"However,":[257],"fixed":[259],"droop":[260],"gain":[261],"is":[262,288],"significant":[264],"drawback":[265],"method.":[268],"In":[269],"paper,":[271],"we":[272],"deep-reinforcement":[277],"learning-based":[278],"inertial":[280],"control.":[283],"constrained":[289],"actions":[292],"rewarded":[294],"maintaining":[296],"within":[300],"operational":[301,340],"limits.":[302],"Simulation":[303],"9":[308],"bus":[309],"validated":[311],"feasibility":[313],"approach.":[319],"comparison":[321],"conventional":[327],"scheme,":[329],"adaptive":[330],"control,":[334],"etc.,":[335],"carried":[336],"out":[337],"verified":[342],"enhanced":[344],"strategy.":[349]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}