{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391215930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2024.3355984","title":"A Masked Multi-View Bidirectional Network for Class Extremely Imbalanced Object Detection Under Magnetic Flux Leakage Signals","display_name":"A Masked Multi-View Bidirectional Network for Class Extremely Imbalanced Object Detection Under Magnetic Flux Leakage Signals","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391215930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2024.3355984"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2024.3355984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2024.3355984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024294536","display_name":"He Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0706-2015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0706-2015","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729536","display_name":"Jinhai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1256-1337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767858","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/0380ng272","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767858","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1256-1337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625792","display_name":"Huaguang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2375-9824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767858","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/0380ng272","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767858","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaguang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2375-9824","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101447262","display_name":"Qiannan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0533-3977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiannan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052544605","display_name":"Xiangkai Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3164-2156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangkai Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3164-2156","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100327487","display_name":"Xin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6029-1933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1186,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72314758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"905","last_page":"915"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10310","display_name":"Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux-leakage","display_name":"Magnetic flux leakage","score":0.8492816686630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.6954129934310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux","display_name":"Magnetic flux","score":0.5714557766914368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49537765979766846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.46131372451782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39828941226005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3676338195800781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31690746545791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.293446809053421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21843191981315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.17674124240875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.1561158001422882}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20892748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4390394","display_name":"Magnetic flux leakage","level":3,"score":0.8492816686630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6954129934310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157479481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831","display_name":"Magnetic flux","level":3,"score":0.5714557766914368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49537765979766846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.46131372451782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39828941226005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3676338195800781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31690746545791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.293446809053421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21843191981315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.17674124240875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.1561158001422882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2024.3355984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2024.3355984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1642527379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62373085","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2587347264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20481","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G524500553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61973071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2204750386","https://openalex.org/W2509669877","https://openalex.org/W2595750449","https://openalex.org/W2803086989","https://openalex.org/W2912920723","https://openalex.org/W2944303778","https://openalex.org/W2953528808","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W3011350210","https://openalex.org/W3012374719","https://openalex.org/W3033988937","https://openalex.org/W3034933032","https://openalex.org/W3108105109","https://openalex.org/W3114160010","https://openalex.org/W3168099128","https://openalex.org/W3171297660","https://openalex.org/W3172971995","https://openalex.org/W3182635745","https://openalex.org/W3203170887","https://openalex.org/W3203770998","https://openalex.org/W4210408213","https://openalex.org/W4214507171","https://openalex.org/W4289716938","https://openalex.org/W4291652739","https://openalex.org/W4293704401","https://openalex.org/W4297237520","https://openalex.org/W4306767424","https://openalex.org/W4312577413","https://openalex.org/W4312875392","https://openalex.org/W4313156423","https://openalex.org/W4313162605","https://openalex.org/W4317038506","https://openalex.org/W4361852578","https://openalex.org/W4367721690","https://openalex.org/W4367721847","https://openalex.org/W4386076493","https://openalex.org/W4386078160","https://openalex.org/W6798838024"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W803998858","https://openalex.org/W3005508687","https://openalex.org/W4383333701","https://openalex.org/W2120417348","https://openalex.org/W2993285375","https://openalex.org/W2015574894","https://openalex.org/W2019845441","https://openalex.org/W2972622007","https://openalex.org/W3161862903","https://openalex.org/W166866287"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Magnetic":[0],"flux":[1],"leakage":[2],"(MFL)":[3],"detector":[4],"can":[5,187,273],"analyze":[6],"the":[7,52,70,107,134,138,143,168,171,175,178,184,198,215,222,231,239,245,275,285,289,304],"state":[8],"of":[9,20,47,72,113,121,137,145,170,177,217,234,244,261,288],"pipelines":[10],"and":[11,29,92,140,196,236,264,278,307],"is":[12,26,33,62,81,130,159,212,300],"widely":[13],"used":[14],"in":[15,64,221,238],"pipeline":[16],"inspection.":[17],"Object":[18],"detection":[19,39,191,232,286],"class":[21,219],"extremely":[22],"imbalanced":[23],"MFL":[24,115,146,194,223,240,246],"signals":[25,116,195,224],"a":[27,44,55,76,86,124,149,190,250],"challenging":[28],"demanding":[30],"task.":[31],"It":[32],"difficult":[34],"for":[35],"existing":[36],"deep":[37],"learning-based":[38],"methods":[40,200],"to":[41,99,118,132,161,208,283],"effectively":[42,188],"detect":[43],"small":[45],"number":[46],"component":[48,74,101,122,276,290],"classes.":[49,291],"To":[50],"address":[51],"above":[53],"issues,":[54],"novel":[56,87],"masked":[57,251],"multi-view":[58,126,252],"bidirectional":[59,150,253,265],"network":[60,139,186,254],"(MMB-Net)":[61,255],"proposed":[63,160,185,298,310],"this":[65],"paper.":[66],"First,":[67],"based":[68,105,153,256],"on":[69,106,154,201,257],"problem":[71,108,216],"insufficient":[73],"samples,":[75],"mask-based":[77],"data":[78,258],"augmentation":[79],"module":[80,91,129,152],"designed,":[82],"where":[83],"we":[84],"develop":[85],"wavelet":[88],"convolution":[89],"blocking":[90],"Gauss-like":[93],"distribution":[94],"mask":[95],"strategy":[96],"so":[97],"as":[98],"expand":[100,133],"sample":[102],"sets.":[103],"Second,":[104],"that":[109,183,296],"poor":[110],"feature":[111],"extraction":[112],"partial":[114],"leads":[117],"low":[119],"accuracy":[120,169,176,233,287],"detection,":[123],"learnable":[125],"attention":[127,151],"(LMA)":[128],"designed":[131],"perceptual":[135],"field":[136],"fully":[141],"mine":[142],"features":[144],"signals.":[147,241],"Finally,":[148],"multiple":[155],"classification":[156],"layers":[157],"(BAMC)":[158],"learn":[162,279],"different":[163,280],"decision":[164,267,281],"boundaries,":[165],"which":[166,228],"maintains":[167],"defects":[172,235],"while":[173],"improving":[174],"components.":[179],"Experimental":[180],"results":[181,294],"illustrate":[182],"build":[189],"model":[192,262],"under":[193],"outperforms":[197],"state-of-the-art":[199,305],"mean":[202],"precision":[203],"(9.5%).":[204],"<italic":[205],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[206],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Note":[207],"Practitioners</i>":[209],"\u2014This":[210],"article":[211],"motivated":[213],"by":[214],"extreme":[218],"imbalance":[220],"collected":[225],"from":[226],"pipelines,":[227],"seriously":[229],"reduces":[230],"components":[237],"In":[242],"terms":[243],"signal":[247],"intrinsic":[248],"characteristics,":[249],"dynamic":[259],"adjustment":[260],"parameters":[263],"learning":[266],"boundaries":[268,282],"are":[269],"constructed.":[270],"Our":[271],"method":[272,299,311],"extend":[274],"samples":[277],"improve":[284],"The":[292],"experimental":[293],"show":[295],"our":[297,309],"more":[301],"advantageous":[302],"than":[303],"methods,":[306],"therefore,":[308],"has":[312],"strong":[313],"practical":[314],"value.":[315]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}