{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4365128442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2023.3264556","title":"Automated Morphological Grading of Human Blastocysts From Multi-Focus Images","display_name":"Automated Morphological Grading of Human Blastocysts From Multi-Focus Images","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4365128442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2023.3264556"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2023.3264556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2023.3264556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100338895","display_name":"Hang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-4236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-4236","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047759179","display_name":"Daniel Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-8180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-8180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037119790","display_name":"Changsheng Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8293-0097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changsheng Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8293-0097","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066331381","display_name":"Guanqiao Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2570-769X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanqiao Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2570-769X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100652271","display_name":"Zhuoran Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-4210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoran Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103848909","display_name":"Songlin Zhuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3072-0634"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songlin Zhuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yongjiang Laboratory, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3072-0634","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yongjiang Laboratory, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068182931","display_name":"Chang-Won Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2056-2257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Won Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Engineering Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2056-2257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Engineering Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002417293","display_name":"Avelyn Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8727-3375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avelyn Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8727-3375","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087138345","display_name":"Chunfeng Yue","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunfeng Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Suzhou Boundless Medical Technology Company Ltd, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou Boundless Medical Technology Company Ltd, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044507305","display_name":"Zongjie Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9731-8215"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongjie Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Suzhou Boundless Medical Technology Company Ltd, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou Boundless Medical Technology Company Ltd, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021402840","display_name":"Khaled Abdalla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157932","display_name":"CReATe Fertility Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/047acnh17","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157932"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Abdalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157932"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010023591","display_name":"Iryna Kuznyetsova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0122-5215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157932","display_name":"CReATe Fertility Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/047acnh17","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157932"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iryna Kuznyetsova","raw_affiliation_strings":["CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0122-5215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157932"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102952982","display_name":"Clifford Librach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1226-560X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157932","display_name":"CReATe Fertility Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/047acnh17","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157932"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clifford Librach","raw_affiliation_strings":["CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157932"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077878309","display_name":"Yu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-0741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157932","display_name":"CReATe Fertility Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/047acnh17","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157932"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada","Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-0741","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157932"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":14,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2521,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89200507,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"2584","last_page":"2592"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9437999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blastocyst","display_name":"Blastocyst","score":0.8418219685554504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","score":0.7603040933609009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5547649264335632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.536918580532074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5277417302131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35592639446258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embryo","display_name":"Embryo","score":0.3070533871650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.3017858862876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embryogenesis","display_name":"Embryogenesis","score":0.15097546577453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-biology","display_name":"Cell biology","score":0.07455956935882568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778177303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227717","display_name":"Blastocyst","level":4,"score":0.8418219685554504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7603040933609009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5547649264335632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.536918580532074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5277417302131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35592639446258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196843134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196","display_name":"Embryo","level":2,"score":0.3070533871650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3017858862876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87073359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196","display_name":"Embryogenesis","level":3,"score":0.15097546577453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.07455956935882568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2023.3264556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2023.3264556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","display_name":"Canada Research Chairs","ror":"https://ror.org/0517h6h17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980276147","https://openalex.org/W2055859834","https://openalex.org/W2112198083","https://openalex.org/W2124656409","https://openalex.org/W2153299006","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2527824850","https://openalex.org/W2927960701","https://openalex.org/W2935410449","https://openalex.org/W2958620810","https://openalex.org/W2962934715","https://openalex.org/W2969008798","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W3004155203","https://openalex.org/W3013623116","https://openalex.org/W3091215603","https://openalex.org/W3123283725","https://openalex.org/W3143813513","https://openalex.org/W3168997536","https://openalex.org/W3209259671","https://openalex.org/W3214095588","https://openalex.org/W4210882008","https://openalex.org/W4232717245","https://openalex.org/W4280620890","https://openalex.org/W4297107172","https://openalex.org/W4308148830","https://openalex.org/W6766978945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2129050989","https://openalex.org/W2058346480","https://openalex.org/W2181839420","https://openalex.org/W2971755608","https://openalex.org/W2067300849","https://openalex.org/W2353791190","https://openalex.org/W2024778227","https://openalex.org/W2086636586","https://openalex.org/W4296027837","https://openalex.org/W2099138420"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,175],"paper":[1,176],"reports,":[2],"for":[3,99,106,115],"the":[4,32,46,59,69,73,76,84,91,129,146,187,193],"first":[5],"time,":[6],"automated":[7],"grading":[8,60,93,139,147,188],"of":[9,35,68,79,94,140,167,192,201],"human":[10,202],"blastocysts":[11,95,203],"(day-5":[12],"embryos)":[13],"from":[14,45],"multi-focus":[15,48,54,156,183,199],"images.":[16,49],"Based":[17],"on":[18,198],"a":[19,23,36,63,151,168,171,178,206],"novel":[20],"attention":[21,39],"module,":[22],"convolutional":[24],"neural":[25],"network":[26],"(CNN)":[27],"was":[28,126,196],"developed":[29],"to":[30,122,144,185],"predict":[31],"morphological":[33,92,138,165],"grade":[34,110,117],"blastocyst.":[37],"The":[38,190],"module":[40],"integrates":[41],"high-level":[42],"features":[43,166],"extracted":[44],"blastocyst\u2019s":[47],"Experimental":[50],"results":[51],"revealed":[52],"that":[53,83],"blastocyst":[55,65,153,169,173],"images":[56,157,184,200],"help":[57],"improve":[58,186],"accuracies":[61],"than":[62,170],"single":[64,152,172],"image.":[66,174],"Comparisons":[67],"accuracy":[70,78,191],"achieved":[71],"by":[72,128,205],"model":[74,86],"and":[75,131],"average":[77],"five":[80],"embryologists":[81,89],"demonstrated":[82],"proposed":[85,194],"can":[87],"outperform":[88],"in":[90,136],"(88%":[96],"versus":[97,104,113],"86%":[98],"development":[100],"stage":[101],"prediction,":[102,111],"83%":[103],"79%":[105],"inner":[107],"cell":[108],"mass":[109],"89%":[112],"82%":[114],"trophectoderm":[116],"prediction).":[118],"<italic":[119],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[120,216,223,230,237,244,251,259,267,275,283],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Note":[121],"Practitioners</i>":[123],"\u2014This":[124],"work":[125],"motivated":[127],"subjectivity":[130],"significant":[132],"intra-and":[133],"inter-evaluator":[134],"variations":[135],"manual":[137],"blastocysts.":[141],"Existing":[142],"approaches":[143],"automate":[145],"process":[148],"mainly":[149],"use":[150],"image":[154],"although":[155],"captured":[158,204],"at":[159,210],"different":[160],"focal":[161,212],"planes":[162],"reveal":[163],"more":[164],"describes":[177],"new":[179],"CNN-based":[180],"method":[181,195],"using":[182],"accuracy.":[189],"verified":[197],"standard":[207],"time-lapse":[208],"incubator":[209],"fixed":[211],"depths":[213],"(":[214],"<inline-formula":[215,222,229,236,243,250,258,266,274,282],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[217,224,231,238,245,252,260,268,276,284],"<tex-math":[218,225,232,239,246,253,261,269,277,285],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$-$</tex-math>":[219,233,247],"</inline-formula>":[220,227,234,241,248,255,263,271,279,287],"45":[221,281],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mu$</tex-math>":[226,240,254,262,270,278,286],"m,":[228,242,256,264,272,280],"30":[235,273],"15":[249,265],"0":[257],"m).":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}