{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3217808650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2021.3125327","title":"Modeling and Optimization for Emergency Medical Services Network","display_name":"Modeling and Optimization for Emergency Medical Services Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3217808650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2021.3125327","mag":"3217808650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2021.3125327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2021.3125327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101711741","display_name":"Ran Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-8969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ran Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039273863","display_name":"Weiliang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0564-3315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiliang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Management, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Management, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100385825","display_name":"Yuxin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4204-3004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004079863","display_name":"Ershun Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6026-9755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ershun Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002391709","display_name":"Xiaolei Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5133-9712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolei Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101711741"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9747,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80359579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"3520","last_page":"3535"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-medical-services","display_name":"Emergency medical services","score":0.604862630367279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crew","display_name":"Crew","score":0.5775400400161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-emergency","display_name":"Medical emergency","score":0.5641125440597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5298753976821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-department","display_name":"Emergency department","score":0.5124090313911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43771249055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telemedicine","display_name":"Telemedicine","score":0.4284914433956146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.4240756332874298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-equipment","display_name":"Medical equipment","score":0.4224150776863098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.27713602781295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.25577712059020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1919878125190735}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545288138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860447","display_name":"Emergency medical services","level":2,"score":0.604862630367279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780179797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q345844","display_name":"Crew","level":2,"score":0.5775400400161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.5641125440597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5298753976821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.5124090313911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43771249055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779891985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46994","display_name":"Telemedicine","level":3,"score":0.4284914433956146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4240756332874298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513323569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554101","display_name":"Medical equipment","level":2,"score":0.4224150776863098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27713602781295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.25577712059020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1919878125190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2021.3125327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2021.3125327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2158026799","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71972133","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5814137260","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71672112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W367677199","https://openalex.org/W1682640185","https://openalex.org/W1978180573","https://openalex.org/W1989163363","https://openalex.org/W2001852242","https://openalex.org/W2011141509","https://openalex.org/W2013001756","https://openalex.org/W2044596392","https://openalex.org/W2065680376","https://openalex.org/W2067423262","https://openalex.org/W2082031578","https://openalex.org/W2098936448","https://openalex.org/W2103087085","https://openalex.org/W2112643077","https://openalex.org/W2128913916","https://openalex.org/W2135683101","https://openalex.org/W2143941620","https://openalex.org/W2155637385","https://openalex.org/W2156761946","https://openalex.org/W2157872722","https://openalex.org/W2158000627","https://openalex.org/W2294200331","https://openalex.org/W2521027463","https://openalex.org/W2765998032","https://openalex.org/W2786239396","https://openalex.org/W2812039334","https://openalex.org/W2945455926","https://openalex.org/W2978297156","https://openalex.org/W3001739235","https://openalex.org/W3011276212","https://openalex.org/W3022714237","https://openalex.org/W3038587349","https://openalex.org/W3080525044","https://openalex.org/W3121411472","https://openalex.org/W3148907142","https://openalex.org/W3162074943","https://openalex.org/W6683112439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3206085719","https://openalex.org/W1910325932","https://openalex.org/W3081460727","https://openalex.org/W2890676590","https://openalex.org/W2263432527","https://openalex.org/W4251473818","https://openalex.org/W2581028228","https://openalex.org/W1948031633","https://openalex.org/W4301447814","https://openalex.org/W2185387681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ambulance":[0],"offload":[1,79,131],"delays":[2,14,80],"have":[3],"become":[4],"a":[5,52,93,151,229,293,316],"challenging":[6],"concern":[7],"for":[8,119,126,203,341],"emergency":[9,24,64,145,358],"healthcare":[10,194],"service":[11],"providers.":[12],"These":[13],"often":[15],"occur":[16],"when":[17],"the":[18,23,28,42,49,63,83,104,124,141,144,166,191,210,218,224,232,240,254,274,281,285,300,327,347],"number":[19],"of":[20,85,106,188,193,212,220,242,276,318,332],"patients":[21,250],"in":[22,143,178,196,346,351,357],"department":[25],"(ED)":[26],"exceed":[27],"designed":[29],"capacity":[30],"such":[31,221],"that":[32],"ED":[33,127,187,313,335],"cannot":[34],"accept":[35],"an":[36,136],"incoming":[37],"patient":[38,50],"immediately,":[39],"thereby":[40],"forcing":[41],"ambulance":[43,69,78,108,130,225,286],"and":[44,61,71,81,110,116,129,153,175,186,206,244,261,267,289,291,312,334,336,344],"crew":[45],"to":[46,76,97,139,150,157,217,231,272,298,321],"wait":[47],"with":[48,165,315],"until":[51],"bed":[53,259],"becomes":[54],"available.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57,88,99,120,213,277,352],"paper,":[58],"we":[59,90,112,134,304],"analyze":[60,280],"optimize":[62],"medical":[65,146,200,359],"services":[66,147,195,202,360],"network,":[67,148,282],"including":[68,283],"stations":[70,109],"EDs.":[72,86],"The":[73,181],"objective":[74],"is":[75,160,215],"reduce":[77],"lessen":[82],"congestion":[84],"To":[87],"end,":[89],"first":[91],"build":[92],"continuous-time":[94,294],"Markov":[95,295],"chain":[96,296],"characterize":[98],"network":[100,301],"analytically.":[101],"Next,":[102],"from":[103,258,309],"perspectives":[105,314],"both":[107,270,284,310],"EDs,":[111],"develop":[113],"resource":[114],"configuration":[115],"optimization":[117,307,331],"models":[118,308],"network.":[121],"We":[122,279,325],"investigate":[123],"reasons":[125],"overcapacity":[128],"delays.":[132],"Finally,":[133],"design":[135],"effective":[137],"approach":[138],"reconfigure":[140],"resources":[142],"leading":[149],"new":[152],"better":[154],"equilibrium.":[155],"Note":[156],"Practitioners\u2014This":[158],"article":[159,353],"motivated":[161],"by":[162],"our":[163],"collaborations":[164],"Emergency":[167,182,233,263],"Medical":[168,183,234,264],"Service":[169,184,235,265],"Center":[170,185],"(also":[171],"called":[172],"120":[173],"Center)":[174],"several":[176],"hospitals":[177,189,268],"Shanghai,":[179],"China.":[180],"are":[190,269],"frontlines":[192],"Shanghai.":[197],"They":[198],"provide":[199],"treatment":[201],"acutely":[204],"ill":[205],"injured":[207],"patients,":[208],"so":[209],"operation":[211],"system":[214],"critical":[216],"health":[219],"patients.":[222],"Today,":[223],"offloading":[226],"delay":[227],"poses":[228],"challenge":[230],"Center,":[236],"as":[237,246,248],"it":[238],"reduces":[239],"usage":[241],"ambulances":[243,343],"crews,":[245],"well":[247],"putting":[249],"at":[251],"risk.":[252],"Meanwhile,":[253],"EDs":[255],"sometimes":[256],"suffer":[257],"shortages":[260],"overcrowding.":[262],"Centers":[266],"striving":[271],"improve":[273],"performance":[275],"system.":[278],"station":[287],"(AS)":[288],"ED,":[290],"formulate":[292],"model":[297],"describe":[299],"states.":[302],"Then,":[303],"propose":[305],"two":[306],"AS":[311,333],"series":[317],"approximation":[319],"methods":[320],"overcome":[322],"computational":[323],"difficulties.":[324],"obtain":[326],"equilibrium":[328],"through":[329],"joint":[330],"demonstrate":[337],"some":[338],"valuable":[339],"insights":[340],"managing":[342],"beds":[345],"ED.":[348],"Methods":[349],"presented":[350],"may":[354],"help":[355],"decision-makers":[356],"systems.":[361]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}