{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134193179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2021.3100709","title":"Hybrid Car-Following Strategy Based on Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient and Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control","display_name":"Hybrid Car-Following Strategy Based on Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient and Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134193179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2021.3100709","mag":"3134193179"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2021.3100709","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2021.3100709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.03796","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010021584","display_name":"Ruidong Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-6489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruidong Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083813855","display_name":"Rui Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3866-5388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101701795","display_name":"Bin Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-2573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087389386","display_name":"Jin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8774-2936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009072257","display_name":"Diange Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0825-5609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diange Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010021584"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2773,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51996395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"2816","last_page":"2824"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperative-adaptive-cruise-control","display_name":"Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control","score":0.7452455759048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cruise-control","display_name":"Cruise control","score":0.6050900816917419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.6041476130485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5873420238494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5189521312713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.46445465087890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.439128577709198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.42393821477890015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.41055387258529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.40667790174484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2423458695411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16743820905685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11098748445510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0795963704586029}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780150632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5167872","display_name":"Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control","level":4,"score":0.7452455759048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113168747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507295","display_name":"Cruise control","level":3,"score":0.6050900816917419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.6041476130485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5873420238494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5189521312713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.46445465087890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.439128577709198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42393821477890015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41055387258529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.40667790174484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2423458695411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16743820905685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11098748445510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0795963704586029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2021.3100709","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2021.3100709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.03796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.03796","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.03796","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3134193179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.03796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2103.03796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2103.03796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.03796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.03796","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.03796","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G685722051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71971015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G975959912","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021RC224","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W171889258","https://openalex.org/W1991095535","https://openalex.org/W2007718857","https://openalex.org/W2012609441","https://openalex.org/W2082903539","https://openalex.org/W2084952317","https://openalex.org/W2098955201","https://openalex.org/W2142879295","https://openalex.org/W2169310958","https://openalex.org/W2582616844","https://openalex.org/W2611350544","https://openalex.org/W2739024611","https://openalex.org/W2751800404","https://openalex.org/W2809404773","https://openalex.org/W2889986919","https://openalex.org/W2912445127","https://openalex.org/W2945137235","https://openalex.org/W2961139264","https://openalex.org/W2963864421","https://openalex.org/W2981402159","https://openalex.org/W3000193750","https://openalex.org/W3000280594","https://openalex.org/W3013565419","https://openalex.org/W3090027660","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6773547506"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193947369","https://openalex.org/W203242872","https://openalex.org/W3208931238","https://openalex.org/W3012498932","https://openalex.org/W2969813698","https://openalex.org/W2375300878","https://openalex.org/W2963169770","https://openalex.org/W3192182496","https://openalex.org/W2887970150","https://openalex.org/W3012528497","https://openalex.org/W3089700687","https://openalex.org/W2579079601","https://openalex.org/W2908482268","https://openalex.org/W2895865051","https://openalex.org/W2994369008","https://openalex.org/W3009318362","https://openalex.org/W2755142396","https://openalex.org/W3136496990","https://openalex.org/W1030728038","https://openalex.org/W3168217419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"deterministic":[1,207],"policy":[2,208],"gradient":[3,209],"(DDPG)-based":[4],"car-following":[5,28,56,71,153,177,199,267],"strategy":[6,57,145,182,268,284],"can":[7],"break":[8],"through":[9,154],"the":[10,13,19,27,70,76,108,117,120,131,139,143,149,162,176,180,203,214,217,230,249,257,263,282,286],"constraints":[11],"of":[12,21,30,52,119,134,152,161,164,179,188,205,232,238,252,265,275,288],"differential":[14],"equation":[15],"model":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,48,80,107,128,193,246],"ability":[20],"exploration":[22,165],"on":[23,59,166,213],"complex":[24,167],"environments.":[25],"However,":[26],"performance":[29,151,178,211,231,264],"DDPG":[31,60,84,189,220,233],"is":[32,67,73,114,126,136,183,221,234,244,254],"usually":[33],"degraded":[34],"by":[35],"unreasonable":[36],"reward":[37],"function":[38],"design,":[39],"insufficient":[40],"training,":[41],"and":[42,61,83,99,190,295],"low":[43,289],"sampling":[44],"efficiency.":[45],"In":[46,216],"order":[47],"solve":[49],"this":[50],"kind":[51],"problem,":[53],"a":[54,90,111,124,197,241],"hybrid":[55,121,266],"based":[58],"cooperative":[62,224],"adaptive":[63,225],"cruise":[64,226],"control":[65,227],"(CACC)":[66,228],"proposed.":[68],"First,":[69],"process":[72,79],"modeled":[74],"as":[75,116],"Markov":[77],"decision":[78],"calculate":[81],"CACC":[82,98,155,278],"simultaneously":[85],"at":[86],"each":[87],"frame.":[88],"Given":[89],"current":[91],"state,":[92],"two":[93],"actions":[94],"are":[95],"obtained":[96],"from":[97],"DDPG,":[100],"respectively.":[101],"Then,":[102],"an":[103],"optimal":[104],"action,":[105],"corresponding":[106],"one":[109],"offering":[110],"larger":[112],"reward,":[113],"chosen":[115],"output":[118],"strategy.":[122],"Meanwhile,":[123,240],"rule":[125,243],"designed":[127,245],"ensure":[129],"that":[130,175,187,237,248,262,274],"change":[132,250],"rate":[133,251],"acceleration":[135,253],"smaller":[137,255],"than":[138,236,256],"desired":[140],"value.":[141],"Therefore,":[142],"proposed":[144,181,218,283],"not":[146],"only":[147,276],"guarantees":[148],"basic":[150],"but":[156],"also":[157],"makes":[158],"full":[159],"use":[160],"advantages":[163,287],"environments":[168],"via":[169],"DDPG.":[170,280],"Finally,":[171],"simulation":[172],"results":[173,260],"show":[174,261],"improved":[184,271],"compared":[185,272],"with":[186,223,273],"CACC.":[191,239],"Note":[192],"Practitioners\u2014This":[194],"article":[195],"presents":[196],"new":[198],"strategy,":[200,219],"which":[201],"avoids":[202],"impact":[204],"deep":[206],"(DDPG)":[210],"degradation":[212],"system.":[215],"replaced":[222],"when":[229],"worse":[235],"switching":[242],"guarantee":[247],"threshold.":[258],"Simulation":[259],"has":[269,285],"been":[270],"using":[277],"or":[279],"Moreover,":[281],"computational":[290],"burden,":[291],"high":[292],"real-time":[293],"performance,":[294],"good":[296],"scalability.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
