{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011048250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2020.2977944","title":"Fluctuation Reduction of Wind Power and Sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems in Microgrids","display_name":"Fluctuation Reduction of Wind Power and Sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems in Microgrids","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011048250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2020.2977944","mag":"3011048250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2020.2977944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2020.2977944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115883486","display_name":"Zhen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-7665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Center for Intelligent and Networked Systems (CFINS), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Center for Intelligent and Networked Systems (CFINS), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100646502","display_name":"Li Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3193-7336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Computational Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3193-7336","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Computational Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075845093","display_name":"Xiaohong Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8826-0362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Center for Intelligent and Networked Systems (CFINS), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","MOE KLINNS Lab, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","MOE KLINNS Lab, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Center for Intelligent and Networked Systems (CFINS), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE KLINNS Lab, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE KLINNS Lab, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2885,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97707814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.7417211532592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6215139627456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5852953791618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.5723992586135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.4765751361846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.4501587450504303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.4293396472930908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.42215728759765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4191739857196808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.4132539927959442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4010191857814789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3120157718658447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.30443230271339417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2409069538116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1659763753414154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.0877181887626648}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.7417211532592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6215139627456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5852953791618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.5723992586135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.4765751361846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4501587450504303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.4293396472930908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.42215728759765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4191739857196808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.4132539927959442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4010191857814789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3120157718658447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.30443230271339417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2409069538116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1659763753414154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0877181887626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2020.2977944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2020.2977944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2712119553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61573206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5305885751","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1301254","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5983507987","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0901900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8871487909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11931018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608412409","https://openalex.org/W1675256628","https://openalex.org/W1993429749","https://openalex.org/W2000963072","https://openalex.org/W2031156329","https://openalex.org/W2039306928","https://openalex.org/W2049626702","https://openalex.org/W2061539906","https://openalex.org/W2098053680","https://openalex.org/W2110733535","https://openalex.org/W2146852356","https://openalex.org/W2155323982","https://openalex.org/W2195438120","https://openalex.org/W2338367583","https://openalex.org/W2341721993","https://openalex.org/W2484957131","https://openalex.org/W2497420502","https://openalex.org/W2519236774","https://openalex.org/W2548522990","https://openalex.org/W2553825996","https://openalex.org/W2558828579","https://openalex.org/W2561710232","https://openalex.org/W2590644396","https://openalex.org/W2599550758","https://openalex.org/W2611866857","https://openalex.org/W2745792398","https://openalex.org/W2759826930","https://openalex.org/W2766375607","https://openalex.org/W2767767947","https://openalex.org/W2783209882","https://openalex.org/W2789314208","https://openalex.org/W2794553294","https://openalex.org/W2803705917","https://openalex.org/W2822963002","https://openalex.org/W2886663430","https://openalex.org/W2903853825","https://openalex.org/W2909179635","https://openalex.org/W2911756322","https://openalex.org/W2924512010","https://openalex.org/W2949920246","https://openalex.org/W2952250445","https://openalex.org/W2962582682","https://openalex.org/W2992406273","https://openalex.org/W4236670843","https://openalex.org/W4241485379","https://openalex.org/W6681951495","https://openalex.org/W6703478258","https://openalex.org/W6758443134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W3037384208","https://openalex.org/W1600945217","https://openalex.org/W1932401759","https://openalex.org/W2315999538","https://openalex.org/W187740018","https://openalex.org/W2162286586","https://openalex.org/W4255368532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,33,54,169,207,276,496],"intermittency":[1],"and":[2,26,50,84,101,121,158,233,270,278,285,295,325,357,375,378,400,427,454,463,491],"uncertainty":[3],"of":[4,11,36,61,80,92,107,116,173,196,202,209,225,236,251,262,267,274,297,321,335,369,380,397,418,424,443,460,466,499],"the":[5,9,23,37,42,45,48,51,59,68,78,81,85,90,96,103,108,113,122,134,149,164,174,198,203,223,230,237,249,260,264,272,283,286,293,298,302,311,318,342,350,355,358,362,366,370,376,381,395,402,416,422,425,434,440,444,451,458,467,473,477,485,511],"renewable":[6,268,514],"energy":[7,29,269,344,515],"deteriorate":[8],"stability":[10,273,294,377],"microgrids.":[12,275],"In":[13,129,228,385],"this":[14,130,145,181,386],"article,":[15,131,387],"we":[16,132,184,388,456],"focus":[17],"on":[18,148,180,292],"a":[19,27,140,186,390,448],"grid-connected":[20],"microgrid":[21,38,284],"with":[22],"wind":[24,46,82,359,398],"power":[25,43,63,83,280,352,372,399,420],"battery":[28,238,343,489],"storage":[30,239,345],"system":[31,346],"(BESS).":[32],"electricity":[34],"load":[35],"is":[39,56,74,87,99,126,156,161,190,212,257,334,373,439,470,501],"satisfied":[40],"by":[41,64,89,259,354,493],"from":[44],"turbine,":[47],"BESS,":[49],"grid,":[52,313],"together.":[53],"purpose":[55],"to":[57,76,138,143,163,254,310,339,348,393,421,432],"reduce":[58],"fluctuation":[60,86,266,368,404,426],"grid":[62,93,288,300,371,382,419],"charging":[65],"or":[66],"discharging":[67],"BESS":[69,109,175,356,512],"dynamically.":[70],"A":[71],"Markov":[72,117,205,391,409],"chain":[73,392],"used":[75],"depict":[77,394],"randomness":[79,396],"measured":[88],"variance":[91,97,417],"power.":[94],"Since":[95],"measurement":[98,423],"quadratic":[100],"nonadditive,":[102],"dynamic":[104,123],"optimization":[105,136,154],"problem":[106,261,406,459],"does":[110],"not":[111,127],"fit":[112],"standard":[114],"model":[115],"decision":[118,410],"processes":[119],"(MDPs)":[120],"programming":[124],"(DP)":[125],"applicable.":[128],"introduce":[133],"sensitivity-based":[135],"theory":[137],"derive":[139],"difference":[141,150],"formula":[142],"overcome":[144],"obstacle.":[146],"Based":[147],"formula,":[151],"an":[152,290,408,429],"iterative":[153,430],"algorithm":[155,431],"developed":[157],"its":[159],"efficiency":[160,224],"similar":[162],"policy":[165,172],"iteration":[166],"in":[167,513],"MDPs.":[168],"optimal":[170,435,497],"scheduling":[171],"can":[176,244,506],"be":[177,330],"derived":[178],"based":[179],"approach.":[182,227],"Besides,":[183],"propose":[185],"divide-and-conquer":[187],"method":[188],"that":[189,365,472],"much":[191],"faster":[192],"than":[193],"traditional":[194],"methods":[195],"computing":[197],"steady-state":[199],"probability":[200],"distribution":[201],"large":[204],"chain.":[206],"performance":[208,492],"our":[210,226],"approach":[211],"verified":[213],"through":[214],"numerical":[215],"experiments":[216],"using":[217],"real":[218],"data.":[219],"Simulation":[220],"results":[221,505],"demonstrate":[222],"addition,":[229],"type":[231,461],"selection":[232,462],"capacity":[234,328,464,498],"sizing":[235,465],"are":[240,383],"also":[241,502],"investigated,":[242],"which":[243],"provide":[245,507],"industry":[246],"guidance":[247],"for":[248,509],"design":[250],"BESS.":[252,445,468],"Note":[253],"Practitioners-This":[255],"article":[256],"motivated":[258],"reducing":[263],"long-term":[265,367,403],"increasing":[271],"frequent":[277],"tremendous":[279],"exchange":[281],"between":[282,450],"main":[287,299,312],"has":[289],"impact":[291],"economy":[296,379],"since":[301],"other":[303],"plants,":[304],"such":[305,364],"as":[306,407],"fuel-burning":[307],"generators":[308],"connected":[309],"must":[314],"quickly":[315],"response.":[316],"Also,":[317],"associated":[319],"cost":[320,442,453],"conservative":[322],"spinning":[323],"reserve":[324],"transmission":[326],"line":[327],"would":[329],"large.":[331],"Therefore,":[332],"it":[333],"great":[336],"practical":[337],"interest":[338],"optimally":[340],"schedule":[341],"(BESS)":[347],"make":[349,447],"total":[351],"generated":[353],"turbine":[360],"match":[361],"demand":[363],"reduced":[374],"improved.":[384],"use":[389],"formulate":[401],"reduction":[405],"process":[411],"(MDP)":[412],"problem.":[413],"We":[414],"apply":[415],"develop":[428],"obtain":[433],"policy.":[436],"Another":[437],"challenge":[438],"high":[441],"To":[446],"tradeoff":[449],"economic":[452],"performance,":[455],"investigate":[457],"It":[469],"shown":[471],"NaS":[474],"batteries":[475,483,500],"have":[476],"highest":[478],"performance-cost":[479],"ratio":[480],"among":[481],"different":[482],"considering":[484],"capital":[486],"budget,":[487],"lifespan,":[488],"availability,":[490],"case":[494],"study.":[495],"investigated.":[503],"These":[504],"insights":[508],"implementing":[510],"systems.":[516]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
