{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2997993234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2019.2956110","title":"EEG-Based Volitional Control of Prosthetic Legs for Walking in Different Terrains","display_name":"EEG-Based Volitional Control of Prosthetic Legs for Walking in Different Terrains","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2997993234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2019.2956110","mag":"2997993234"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2019.2956110","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2019.2956110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007825395","display_name":"Hongbo Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5271-1280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014738933","display_name":"Ling Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1379-9937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065954427","display_name":"Ming Pi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0973-7079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Pi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450024","display_name":"Zhijun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3909-488X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060601209","display_name":"Qinjian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6496-8067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinjian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100976089","display_name":"Kuankuan Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuankuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045041118","display_name":"Junliang Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junliang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007825395"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7699,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94045118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"530","last_page":"540"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.6910257339477539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stairs","display_name":"Stairs","score":0.6443376541137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-electrical-stimulation","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","score":0.6127306818962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.5645835995674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.564071536064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.519587516784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5143295526504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.44379979372024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.42504462599754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4004514515399933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37958475947380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.36001935601234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.336797833442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25864389538764954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11727729439735413}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.6910257339477539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777295749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12511","display_name":"Stairs","level":2,"score":0.6443376541137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.6127306818962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5645835995674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.564071536064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.519587516784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5143295526504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.44379979372024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.42504462599754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4004514515399933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37958475947380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.36001935601234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.336797833442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25864389538764954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11727729439735413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2019.2956110","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2019.2956110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3366262748","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61573147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3515097778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61625303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5133900675","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61751310","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6398569721","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC2001600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6705648038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB1302302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7803934831","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC2001602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W611103097","https://openalex.org/W1797342007","https://openalex.org/W1963952653","https://openalex.org/W1975226595","https://openalex.org/W1979892952","https://openalex.org/W1994653207","https://openalex.org/W2044455804","https://openalex.org/W2072625742","https://openalex.org/W2085271388","https://openalex.org/W2089598398","https://openalex.org/W2102837100","https://openalex.org/W2109135013","https://openalex.org/W2116308679","https://openalex.org/W2126013367","https://openalex.org/W2132015164","https://openalex.org/W2144910137","https://openalex.org/W2147809815","https://openalex.org/W2154553161","https://openalex.org/W2242497198","https://openalex.org/W2268719463","https://openalex.org/W2344681960","https://openalex.org/W2355215341","https://openalex.org/W2471778542","https://openalex.org/W2498264865","https://openalex.org/W2506638281","https://openalex.org/W2534276719","https://openalex.org/W2535478165","https://openalex.org/W2569210015","https://openalex.org/W2753943679","https://openalex.org/W2762932129","https://openalex.org/W2767900797","https://openalex.org/W2771125078","https://openalex.org/W2775034164","https://openalex.org/W2794345050","https://openalex.org/W2807813929","https://openalex.org/W2888719851","https://openalex.org/W2976124544","https://openalex.org/W3156207536"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977940006","https://openalex.org/W2947925238","https://openalex.org/W2887556756","https://openalex.org/W195417223","https://openalex.org/W2951110009","https://openalex.org/W1513407214","https://openalex.org/W1984377984","https://openalex.org/W2510077457","https://openalex.org/W1961545574","https://openalex.org/W3045772920"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"More":[0],"natural":[1],"and":[2,27,98,165,197],"intuitive":[3],"control":[4,172],"is":[5,49,61,142],"expected":[6],"to":[7,23,37,63,82,107,113,158,188,201],"maximize":[8],"the":[9,13,25,52,65,73,77,84,114,120,124,131,152,155,168,193],"auxiliary":[10],"effect":[11],"of":[12,30,76,88,116,154,167,173,184],"powered":[14,174],"prosthetic":[15,31,121,156,175,206],"leg":[16,122,157],"for":[17],"lower":[18],"limb":[19],"amputees.":[20],"In":[21,136],"order":[22],"realize":[24],"stable":[26],"flexible":[28],"walking":[29,191],"legs":[32,176],"in":[33,160],"different":[34],"terrains":[35],"according":[36,200],"human":[38,117,159],"intention,":[39],"a":[40,92,99,138],"brain-computer":[41],"interface":[42],"(BCI)":[43],"based":[44],"on":[45,192],"motor":[46],"imagery":[47],"(MI)":[48],"developed.":[50],"For":[51],"raw":[53],"electroencephalogram":[54],"(EEG)":[55],"signals,":[56],"discrete":[57],"wavelet":[58],"transform":[59],"(DWT)":[60],"utilized":[62],"extract":[64],"time-frequency":[66],"domain":[67,86],"features,":[68],"which":[69,149],"are":[70,105],"used":[71],"as":[72],"input":[74],"signals":[75],"common":[78],"spatial":[79],"pattern":[80],"(CSP)":[81],"obtain":[83],"time-frequency-space":[85],"features":[87],"EEG":[89],"signals.":[90],"Then,":[91],"support":[93],"vector":[94],"machine":[95],"(SVM)":[96],"classifier":[97],"directed":[100],"acyclic":[101],"graph":[102],"(DAG)":[103],"structure":[104],"combined":[106],"classify":[108],"multiclass":[109],"imaginary":[110],"tasks.":[111],"According":[112],"result":[115],"intention":[118],"recognition,":[119],"performs":[123],"corresponding":[125],"gait":[126],"trajectory":[127],"generated":[128],"by":[129,144,180],"coding":[130],"ground":[132],"reaction":[133],"force":[134],"(GRF).":[135],"addition,":[137],"sensory":[139],"feedback":[140],"loop":[141],"established":[143],"functional":[145],"electrical":[146],"stimulation":[147],"(FES),":[148],"feeds":[150],"back":[151],"movement":[153],"real":[161],"time.":[162],"The":[163],"effectiveness":[164],"feasibility":[166],"developed":[169],"EEG-based":[170],"volitional":[171],"have":[177],"been":[178],"validated":[179],"three":[181],"subjects,":[182],"all":[183],"whom":[185],"were":[186],"able":[187],"fulfill":[189],"smoothly":[190],"floor,":[194],"ascending":[195],"stairs,":[196],"descending":[198],"stairs":[199],"their":[202],"own":[203],"intentions":[204],"using":[205],"legs.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}