{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2781640696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2018.2878670","title":"Freeform Assembly Planning","display_name":"Freeform Assembly Planning","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2781640696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2018.2878670","mag":"2781640696"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2018.2878670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2018.2878670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.00527","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007585695","display_name":"Matthew K. Gelber","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew K. Gelber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","[Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066364826","display_name":"Gregory B. Hurst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7650-8009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136935","display_name":"United Therapeutics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03wgxjb31","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136935"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg Hurst","raw_affiliation_strings":["United Therapeutics, Manchester, NH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United Therapeutics, Manchester, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023245938","display_name":"Rohit Bhargava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7360-994X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohit Bhargava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","[Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007585695"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.45,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66554213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"1315","last_page":"1329"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11190","display_name":"3D Printing in Biomedical Research","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.5788178443908691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5689054131507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5535260438919067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.5043157339096069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.4572365880012512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.4528071880340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.44476965069770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.42689943313598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35111376643180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.32756978273391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2626641094684601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10921463370323181}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.5788178443908691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5689054131507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5535260438919067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.5043157339096069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4572365880012512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4528071880340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.44476965069770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.42689943313598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35111376643180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.32756978273391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2626641094684601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10921463370323181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tase.2018.2878670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2018.2878670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34881539","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1545-5955","issn":["1545-5955","1558-3783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1801.00527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.00527","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.00527","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2781640696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.00527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1801.00527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.00527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1801.00527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.00527","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.00527","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306253","display_name":"Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05avmtm72"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2781640696.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2781640696.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W655820234","https://openalex.org/W1480291578","https://openalex.org/W1572453583","https://openalex.org/W1977153765","https://openalex.org/W1982347904","https://openalex.org/W1990424776","https://openalex.org/W1991075618","https://openalex.org/W1991356912","https://openalex.org/W2014180858","https://openalex.org/W2020701433","https://openalex.org/W2026744420","https://openalex.org/W2026979966","https://openalex.org/W2044271772","https://openalex.org/W2046660470","https://openalex.org/W2058573160","https://openalex.org/W2067389456","https://openalex.org/W2070032642","https://openalex.org/W2075262732","https://openalex.org/W2076358787","https://openalex.org/W2086260425","https://openalex.org/W2091994837","https://openalex.org/W2099361891","https://openalex.org/W2103542939","https://openalex.org/W2104124155","https://openalex.org/W2105402196","https://openalex.org/W2111429604","https://openalex.org/W2124282138","https://openalex.org/W2147072697","https://openalex.org/W2151645094","https://openalex.org/W2158865684","https://openalex.org/W2190264120","https://openalex.org/W2286771936","https://openalex.org/W2295454854","https://openalex.org/W2299693612","https://openalex.org/W2346423678","https://openalex.org/W2396538397","https://openalex.org/W2406687334","https://openalex.org/W2470621431","https://openalex.org/W2515930553","https://openalex.org/W2552333210","https://openalex.org/W2563618362","https://openalex.org/W2567177733","https://openalex.org/W2612785045","https://openalex.org/W2810733959","https://openalex.org/W3121479877","https://openalex.org/W4249992830","https://openalex.org/W6675171353","https://openalex.org/W6694678071"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170441997","https://openalex.org/W1984920510","https://openalex.org/W2526696836","https://openalex.org/W3164562802","https://openalex.org/W1606214785","https://openalex.org/W2385604310","https://openalex.org/W2128031166","https://openalex.org/W3021431670","https://openalex.org/W3026167098","https://openalex.org/W1977675463","https://openalex.org/W3170265542","https://openalex.org/W2323467399","https://openalex.org/W176029577","https://openalex.org/W2123250142","https://openalex.org/W2889306294","https://openalex.org/W2962930898","https://openalex.org/W2060508964","https://openalex.org/W2123328044","https://openalex.org/W3094345296","https://openalex.org/W2018834006"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3-D":[0,80],"printing":[1,56,178],"enables":[2],"the":[3,89,96,104,147,150,155,162,171],"fabrication":[4],"of":[5,16,22,55,70,95,149,157,181,183,190],"complex":[6],"architectures":[7],"at":[8],"multiple":[9],"length":[10],"scales":[11],"by":[12,160],"automating":[13],"large":[14],"sequences":[15],"additive":[17],"steps.":[18],"The":[19],"increasing":[20],"sophistication":[21],"printers,":[23],"materials,":[24],"and":[25,100,153,173],"generative":[26],"design":[27,46],"promise":[28],"to":[29,82],"make":[30],"geometric":[31],"complexity":[32,39],"a":[33,45,51,75,79,110,115,130,137,142,165],"nonissue":[34],"in":[35,67,103,126],"manufacturing;":[36],"however,":[37],"this":[38,60],"can":[40,47],"only":[41],"be":[42,48],"realized":[43],"if":[44],"translated":[49],"into":[50],"physically":[52],"executable":[53],"sequence":[54,117,135],"operations.":[57],"We":[58,87,140,169],"investigate":[59],"planning":[61],"problem":[62],"for":[63,92,122],"freeform":[64,97],"direct-write":[65],"assembly,":[66],"which":[68],"filaments":[69,187],"material":[71,107],"are":[72],"deposited":[73],"through":[74],"nozzle":[76],"translating":[77],"along":[78],"path":[81],"create":[83],"sparse,":[84],"frame-like":[85],"structures.":[86],"enumerate":[88],"process":[90,99],"constraints":[91],"different":[93],"variants":[94],"assembly":[98,163],"show":[101],"that,":[102],"case":[105],"where":[106],"stiffens":[108],"via":[109],"glass":[111],"transition,":[112],"determining":[113],"whether":[114],"feasible":[116,131],"exists":[118],"is":[119,136],"NP-complete.":[120],"Nonetheless,":[121],"topologies":[123],"typically":[124],"encountered":[125],"real-world":[127],"applications,":[128],"finding":[129],"or":[132],"even":[133],"optimal":[134],"tractable":[138],"problem.":[139],"develop":[141],"sequencing":[143],"algorithm":[144,172],"that":[145],"maximizes":[146],"fidelity":[148],"printed":[151],"part":[152],"minimizes":[154],"probability":[156],"print":[158],"failure":[159],"modeling":[161],"as":[164],"linear,":[166],"elastic":[167],"frame.":[168],"implement":[170],"validate":[174],"our":[175],"approach":[176],"experimentally,":[177],"objects":[179],"composed":[180],"thousands":[182],"large-aspect-ratio":[184],"sugar":[185],"alcohol":[186],"with":[188],"diameters":[189],"100-200":[191],"\u03bcm.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}