{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414165744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2025.3606902","title":"CIBLS-PLS: A Class-Incremental Broad Learning System With Pseudolabel-Guided Stacked Structure","display_name":"CIBLS-PLS: A Class-Incremental Broad Learning System With Pseudolabel-Guided Stacked Structure","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414165744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2025.3606902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tai.2025.3606902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2025.3606902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169448","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2691-4581","issn":["2691-4581"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3047-2757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3047-2757","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022387948","display_name":"Zhaoyin Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2899-8741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2899-8741","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085450016","display_name":"Shuanghao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152380","display_name":"Shenzhen Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzpec27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162376","display_name":"Advanced Laser Technology (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05269ja13","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162376"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuanghao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Intense Laser Application Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6275-2933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Intense Laser Application Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380","https://openalex.org/I4210162376"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336427","display_name":"Long Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-5446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-5446","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Weiping Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-7347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiping Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-7347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062076726","display_name":"Xiaopin Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopin Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8761-9396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zongze Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0597-1426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongze Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0597-1426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100643265","display_name":"C. L. Philip Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5451-7230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. L. Philip Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5451-7230","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12152548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"1745","last_page":"1760"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9456999897956848,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7107999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.6833000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stacking","display_name":"Stacking","score":0.5156000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.47870001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.4438000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4309000074863434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7434999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7107999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.6833000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5723999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33347731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285210","display_name":"Stacking","level":2,"score":0.5156000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.47870001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4438000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4309000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32277403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740445","display_name":"Ridge","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.25609999895095825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tai.2025.3606902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2025.3606902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169448","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2691-4581","issn":["2691-4581"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4286351655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2433216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5291921213","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20230808105212023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335803","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Fundamental Research and Discipline Layout project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7476944060","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20231337","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335803","display_name":"Shenzhen Fundamental Research and Discipline Layout project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Class-incremental":[0],"learning":[1,118],"(CIL)":[2],"with":[3,26,53],"the":[4,115,149,158,198],"Broad":[5,50],"Learning":[6,51],"System":[7,52],"(BLS)":[8],"has":[9],"emerged":[10],"as":[11,157],"a":[12,78],"computationally":[13],"efficient":[14],"alternative":[15],"to":[16,34,38,86,89,109,138],"deep":[17],"incremental":[18,206],"models.":[19,207],"However,":[20],"existing":[21],"BLS-based":[22],"CIL":[23],"methods":[24],"struggle":[25],"complex":[27],"data":[28],"distributions":[29],"and":[30,61,172,189,202],"are":[31,70,107,122],"highly":[32],"sensitive":[33],"hyperparameter":[35],"tuning,":[36],"leading":[37],"suboptimal":[39],"knowledge":[40,59,90,112,190],"retention.":[41],"To":[42],"address":[43],"these":[44],"challenges,":[45],"we":[46],"propose":[47],"CIBLS-PLS":[48,76,183],"(Class-Incremental":[49],"Pseudo-Label-Guided":[54],"Stacked":[55],"Structure),":[56],"which":[57],"enhances":[58],"retention":[60,191],"adaptability.":[62],"Different":[63],"from":[64,102],"traditional":[65],"stacked":[66,116],"BLS,":[67],"where":[68],"blocks":[69,161],"strictly":[71],"chained":[72],"through":[73,168],"input-output":[74],"dependencies,":[75],"adopts":[77],"more":[79],"flexible":[80],"stacking":[81],"structure,":[82],"allowing":[83],"each":[84],"block":[85],"independently":[87],"contribute":[88],"preservation.":[91],"Each":[92],"BLS":[93],"layer":[94],"integrates":[95],"dual-storage":[96],"modules":[97],"that":[98,182],"retain":[99],"key":[100],"features":[101],"previous":[103],"data,":[104],"while":[105,133,192],"pseudo-labels":[106],"generated":[108],"facilitate":[110],"seamless":[111],"integration":[113],"within":[114],"residual":[117,152],"framework.":[119],"Model":[120],"parameters":[121],"updated":[123],"efficiently":[124],"via":[125],"closed-form":[126],"ridge":[127],"regression,":[128],"significantly":[129],"reducing":[130],"computational":[131,195],"overhead":[132],"maintaining":[134,193],"high":[135],"accuracy.":[136],"Additionally,":[137],"further":[139],"enhance":[140],"model":[141],"generalization,":[142],"an":[143],"adaptive":[144],"scaling":[145],"mechanism":[146],"dynamically":[147],"regulates":[148],"contribution":[150],"of":[151,160],"blocks,":[153],"effectively":[154],"preventing":[155],"overfitting":[156],"number":[159],"increases.":[162],"This":[163],"property":[164],"is":[165],"rigorously":[166],"validated":[167],"both":[169],"theoretical":[170],"analysis":[171],"extensive":[173],"experiments.":[174],"Results":[175],"on":[176],"seven":[177],"large-scale":[178],"image":[179],"datasets":[180],"demonstrate":[181],"achieves":[184],"state-of-the-art":[185],"performance":[186],"in":[187],"accuracy":[188],"competitive":[194],"efficiency,":[196],"paving":[197],"way":[199],"for":[200],"robust":[201],"scalable":[203],"broad":[204],"learning-based":[205]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-01T06:05:34.837733","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
