{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411019262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2025.3576087","title":"FG-KD: A Novel Forward Gradient-Based Framework for Teacher Knowledge Augmentation","display_name":"FG-KD: A Novel Forward Gradient-Based Framework for Teacher Knowledge Augmentation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411019262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2025.3576087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tai.2025.3576087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2025.3576087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169448","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2691-4581","issn":["2691-4581"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1063-7182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1063-7182","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9403-5575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9403-5575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lei Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-5526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-5526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340964","display_name":"Min Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0977-3600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R) and Centre for Frontier AI Research (CFAR), A*STAR, Singapore","Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R) and Centre for Frontier AI Research (CFAR), A.STAR, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0977-3600","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R) and Centre for Frontier AI Research (CFAR), A*STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R) and Centre for Frontier AI Research (CFAR), A.STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080343454","display_name":"Zhenghua Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1719-0328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenghua Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R) and Centre for Frontier AI Research (CFAR), A*STAR, Singapore","Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R) and Centre for Frontier AI Research (CFAR), A.STAR, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1719-0328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R) and Centre for Frontier AI Research (CFAR), A*STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R) and Centre for Frontier AI Research (CFAR), A.STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077322091","display_name":"Xuehai Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-3143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuehai Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-3143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17176559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"439","last_page":"454"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9165999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4609307646751404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4609307646751404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tai.2025.3576087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2025.3576087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169448","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2691-4581","issn":["2691-4581"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G461544363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20241818","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6472083938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1722318740","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2061897041","https://openalex.org/W2091565802","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2294370754","https://openalex.org/W2883780447","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2923014074","https://openalex.org/W2936864631","https://openalex.org/W2963031676","https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2963140444","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2964184826","https://openalex.org/W2982242214","https://openalex.org/W2986015886","https://openalex.org/W2992308087","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3163465952","https://openalex.org/W3177008256","https://openalex.org/W4205581758","https://openalex.org/W4226426325","https://openalex.org/W4307823382","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4382458595","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4390120148","https://openalex.org/W4390873603","https://openalex.org/W4390908058","https://openalex.org/W4393154084","https://openalex.org/W4402667890","https://openalex.org/W4402727144","https://openalex.org/W4402727638"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"distillation":[1,70,206],"has":[2],"become":[3],"increasingly":[4],"popular":[5],"for":[6,92,123,132],"training":[7,57],"compact":[8],"neural":[9],"network":[10],"models":[11,54],"that":[12,61],"can":[13],"achieve":[14],"comparable":[15],"performance":[16,202],"to":[17,22,40,118],"larger":[18],"models.":[19],"In":[20,79],"order":[21],"improve":[23],"the":[24,30,33,50,72,75,120,140,144,147,152,158,161,166,176,182,195,201,210],"effectiveness":[25,196],"of":[26,32,52,74,146,154,197,203,209],"knowledge":[27,35,69,77,95,97,133,149,205],"distillation,":[28],"enhancing":[29,68,124,151],"quality":[31],"teacher":[34,53,76,94,148,183],"is":[36,63],"a":[37,85,104,108,114,170],"crucial":[38],"aspect":[39],"consider.":[41],"While":[42],"existing":[43],"efforts":[44],"have":[45],"predominantly":[46],"focused":[47],"on":[48,172,189],"optimizing":[49],"structure":[51],"and":[55,107,174,178],"refining":[56],"procedures,":[58],"we":[59,82,193],"argue":[60],"there":[62],"untapped":[64],"potential":[65,122],"in":[66,96,199],"further":[67],"through":[71],"augmentation":[73],"itself.":[78],"this":[80],"paper,":[81],"introduce":[83],"FG-KD,":[84],"novel":[86],"forward":[87,115],"gradient-based":[88,116],"framework":[89],"specifically":[90],"designed":[91],"augmenting":[93],"distillation.":[98,134],"FG-KD":[99,198],"comprises":[100],"two":[101],"fundamental":[102],"components:":[103],"feature":[105,136,141],"reconstructor":[106,137],"relation-aware":[109,162],"enhancer.":[110],"Both":[111],"components":[112],"employ":[113],"approach":[117],"unlock":[119],"latent":[121],"teachers\u2019":[125],"knowledge,":[126],"thereby":[127],"providing":[128],"an":[129],"enriched":[130],"foundation":[131],"The":[135],"operates":[138,164],"at":[139,165],"level,":[142,168],"enabling":[143],"optimization":[145],"by":[150],"encoding":[153],"high-dimensional":[155],"spaces.":[156],"On":[157],"other":[159],"hand,":[160],"enhancer":[163],"logit":[167],"with":[169],"focus":[171],"identifying":[173],"reinforcing":[175],"inter-class":[177],"intra-class":[179],"relationships":[180],"within":[181],"knowledge.":[184],"Through":[185],"extensive":[186],"experiments":[187],"conducted":[188],"image":[190],"recognition":[191],"tasks,":[192],"demonstrate":[194],"improving":[200],"various":[204],"techniques,":[207],"regardless":[208],"specific":[211],"teacher-student":[212],"model":[213],"combinations":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}