{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392824638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2024.3377173","title":"Multiscale and Multilayer Contrastive Learning for Domain Generalization","display_name":"Multiscale and Multilayer Contrastive Learning for Domain Generalization","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392824638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2024.3377173"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tai.2024.3377173","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2024.3377173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169448","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2691-4581","issn":["2691-4581"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020813515","display_name":"Aristotelis Ballas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1683-8433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32762134","display_name":"Harokopio University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/02k5gp281","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32762134"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aristotelis Ballas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telematics, Harokopio University of Athens, Tavros, Greece","Department of Informatics and Telematics, Harokopio University of Athens, Tavros, 177 78 Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1683-8433","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telematics, Harokopio University of Athens, Tavros, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32762134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telematics, Harokopio University of Athens, Tavros, 177 78 Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32762134"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004953619","display_name":"Christos Diou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-1928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32762134","display_name":"Harokopio University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/02k5gp281","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32762134"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Diou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telematics, Harokopio University of Athens, Tavros, Greece","Department of Informatics and Telematics, Harokopio University of Athens, Tavros, 177 78 Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-1928","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telematics, Harokopio University of Athens, Tavros, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32762134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telematics, Harokopio University of Athens, Tavros, 177 78 Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32762134"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32762134"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8814,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91324168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"12","first_page":"6253","last_page":"6266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.857699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.857699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.7315000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.7386300563812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5769654512405396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5149889588356018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5068784356117249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.47812047600746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization-error","display_name":"Generalization error","score":0.46293941140174866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3955940008163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2035582959651947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.13073572516441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12894892692565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.07573956251144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.046588510274887085}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.7386300563812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5769654512405396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5149889588356018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5068784356117249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.47812047600746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117765406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5362437","display_name":"Generalization error","level":3,"score":0.46293941140174866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3955940008163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2035582959651947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.13073572516441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12894892692565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.07573956251144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.046588510274887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tai.2024.3377173","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2024.3377173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169448","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2691-4581","issn":["2691-4581"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":124,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1731081199","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1852909287","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1920962657","https://openalex.org/W1936750108","https://openalex.org/W1948751323","https://openalex.org/W1959608418","https://openalex.org/W1987935765","https://openalex.org/W2031342017","https://openalex.org/W2155858138","https://openalex.org/W2159291411","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2478454054","https://openalex.org/W2593768305","https://openalex.org/W2604763608","https://openalex.org/W2627183927","https://openalex.org/W2763549966","https://openalex.org/W2785519580","https://openalex.org/W2786808285","https://openalex.org/W2792641098","https://openalex.org/W2798365843","https://openalex.org/W2798658180","https://openalex.org/W2798991696","https://openalex.org/W2803297029","https://openalex.org/W2807692250","https://openalex.org/W2842511635","https://openalex.org/W2889965839","https://openalex.org/W2902476877","https://openalex.org/W2908510526","https://openalex.org/W2953937638","https://openalex.org/W2958360136","https://openalex.org/W2962716426","https://openalex.org/W2962851944","https://openalex.org/W2963043696","https://openalex.org/W2963226019","https://openalex.org/W2963240485","https://openalex.org/W2963407932","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963449430","https://openalex.org/W2964139811","https://openalex.org/W2964278684","https://openalex.org/W2964288524","https://openalex.org/W2987861506","https://openalex.org/W2990495699","https://openalex.org/W2996823446","https://openalex.org/W2998043922","https://openalex.org/W3005680577","https://openalex.org/W3016970897","https://openalex.org/W3033161486","https://openalex.org/W3034676907","https://openalex.org/W3035060554","https://openalex.org/W3035367622","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3038585207","https://openalex.org/W3109042658","https://openalex.org/W3109831211","https://openalex.org/W3125127048","https://openalex.org/W3135588948","https://openalex.org/W3142917731","https://openalex.org/W3153511633","https://openalex.org/W3171007011","https://openalex.org/W3175215201","https://openalex.org/W3176726917","https://openalex.org/W3180303049","https://openalex.org/W3182978476","https://openalex.org/W3190654993","https://openalex.org/W3204249496","https://openalex.org/W3212348395","https://openalex.org/W3213192039","https://openalex.org/W3215641581","https://openalex.org/W4206237889","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4229494842","https://openalex.org/W4230674625","https://openalex.org/W4286588219","https://openalex.org/W4287210705","https://openalex.org/W4287592659","https://openalex.org/W4287728573","https://openalex.org/W4288726117","https://openalex.org/W4289639938","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4297808394","https://openalex.org/W4299295087","https://openalex.org/W4312765682","https://openalex.org/W4312972638","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W4379806217","https://openalex.org/W4386066238","https://openalex.org/W4386232720","https://openalex.org/W4386361594","https://openalex.org/W6637618735","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6638868411","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6683124652","https://openalex.org/W6683633756","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6695692224","https://openalex.org/W6713128830","https://openalex.org/W6713955831","https://openalex.org/W6718140377","https://openalex.org/W6736057607","https://openalex.org/W6737509278","https://openalex.org/W6745831770","https://openalex.org/W6745986955","https://openalex.org/W6748223763","https://openalex.org/W6750852989","https://openalex.org/W6751635369","https://openalex.org/W6754038005","https://openalex.org/W6756824971","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W6764990469","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6772045000","https://openalex.org/W6780233385","https://openalex.org/W6789380839","https://openalex.org/W6789802742","https://openalex.org/W6796913975","https://openalex.org/W6804017529","https://openalex.org/W6810722062","https://openalex.org/W6840224128"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381411913","https://openalex.org/W2967006609","https://openalex.org/W2087331387","https://openalex.org/W4367000426","https://openalex.org/W4321151660","https://openalex.org/W2006060538","https://openalex.org/W4386047771","https://openalex.org/W2107708607","https://openalex.org/W2111355417","https://openalex.org/W3127908425"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,61,81,107,122,146,157,165,187],"past":[2],"decade,":[3],"deep":[4,65],"neural":[5,67],"networks":[6,68],"have":[7],"led":[8],"to":[9,33,109,126,149,185],"fast-paced":[10],"progress":[11],"and":[12,22,58,77,100,117,173,193,197],"significant":[13],"achievements":[14],"in":[15,36,113,200],"computer":[16],"vision":[17],"problems,":[18],"for":[19],"both":[20,98],"academia":[21],"industry.":[23],"Yet":[24],"despite":[25],"their":[26],"success,":[27],"state-of-the-art":[28,198],"image":[29,94],"classification":[30],"approaches":[31],"fail":[32],"generalize":[34],"well":[35],"previously":[37],"unseen":[38],"visual":[39],"contexts,":[40],"as":[41],"required":[42],"by":[43,72,96,139,162],"many":[44],"real-world":[45],"applications.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48,53],"paper,":[49],"we":[50,132,178],"focus":[51],"on":[52,164],"domain":[54,91,166],"generalization":[55,62,92,167],"(DG)":[56],"problem":[57],"argue":[59],"that":[60,87,180],"ability":[63],"of":[64,75,80,93,121,159,169,189],"convolutional":[66],"can":[69],"be":[70],"improved":[71],"taking":[73],"advantage":[74],"multi-layer":[76],"multi-scaled":[78],"representations":[79,112,148],"network.":[82],"We":[83,155],"introduce":[84],"a":[85,134],"framework":[86],"aims":[88,143],"at":[89,103,144],"improving":[90],"classifiers":[95],"combining":[97],"low-level":[99],"high-level":[101],"features":[102],"multiple":[104],"scales,":[105],"enabling":[106],"network":[108],"implicitly":[110],"disentangle":[111],"its":[114],"latent":[115],"space":[116],"learn":[118],"domain-invariant":[119],"attributes":[120],"depicted":[123],"objects.":[124],"Additionally,":[125],"further":[127],"facilitate":[128],"robust":[129],"representation":[130],"learning,":[131,141],"propose":[133],"novel":[135],"objective":[136],"function,":[137],"inspired":[138],"contrastive":[140],"which":[142],"constraining":[145],"extracted":[147],"remain":[150],"invariant":[151],"under":[152],"distribution":[153],"shifts.":[154],"demonstrate":[156],"effectiveness":[158],"our":[160,181],"method":[161],"evaluating":[163],"datasets":[168],"PACS,":[170],"VLCS,":[171],"Office-Home":[172],"NICO.":[174],"Through":[175],"extensive":[176],"experimentation,":[177],"show":[179],"model":[182],"is":[183],"able":[184],"surpass":[186],"performance":[188],"previous":[190],"DG":[191],"methods":[192],"consistently":[194],"produce":[195],"competitive":[196],"results":[199],"all":[201],"datasets11Code":[202],"available":[203],"at:https://github.com/aristotelisballas/m2cl.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2024-03-15T00:00:00"}
