{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285410772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2022.3190816","title":"Feature Fusion Based Adversarial Example Detection Against Second-Round Adversarial Attacks","display_name":"Feature Fusion Based Adversarial Example Detection Against Second-Round Adversarial Attacks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285410772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2022.3190816"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tai.2022.3190816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2022.3190816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169448","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2691-4581","issn":["2691-4581"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101894371","display_name":"Chuan Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5841-8210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5841-8210","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102976060","display_name":"Yuefeng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0378-3103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuefeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045121980","display_name":"Kejiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9868-3414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kejiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9868-3414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055238399","display_name":"Xiaoyi Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4654-835X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyi Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4654-835X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067689180","display_name":"Weiming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-6108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-6108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051298007","display_name":"Xiaofeng Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4486-556X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101802340","display_name":"Yuan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-1341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-1341","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064573190","display_name":"Nenghai Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-9316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nenghai Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-9316","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7058,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86458958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"5","first_page":"1029","last_page":"1040"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.9562951326370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.7210169434547424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6379295587539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.504088282585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5012526512145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.420291930437088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.37502938508987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3437590003013611}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.9562951326370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7210169434547424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6379295587539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.504088282585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5012526512145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.420291930437088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.37502938508987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3437590003013611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tai.2022.3190816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2022.3190816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169448","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2691-4581","issn":["2691-4581"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3828173677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62121002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3986437333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002334","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4278025092","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072421","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1598866093","https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2009130368","https://openalex.org/W2060174807","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2124664712","https://openalex.org/W2134527668","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2531327146","https://openalex.org/W2548753991","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2606529538","https://openalex.org/W2607219512","https://openalex.org/W2612372205","https://openalex.org/W2618492571","https://openalex.org/W2620038827","https://openalex.org/W2621048556","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2774018344","https://openalex.org/W2794584741","https://openalex.org/W2867167548","https://openalex.org/W2890558143","https://openalex.org/W2892948265","https://openalex.org/W2950468330","https://openalex.org/W2952388520","https://openalex.org/W2962933288","https://openalex.org/W2963143631","https://openalex.org/W2963149653","https://openalex.org/W2963158386","https://openalex.org/W2963165448","https://openalex.org/W2963389226","https://openalex.org/W2963564844","https://openalex.org/W2963693747","https://openalex.org/W2963744840","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964082701","https://openalex.org/W2964152294","https://openalex.org/W2969585684","https://openalex.org/W2981228172","https://openalex.org/W2985390828","https://openalex.org/W2992720758","https://openalex.org/W3015625436","https://openalex.org/W3037681428","https://openalex.org/W3102720581","https://openalex.org/W3105009650","https://openalex.org/W3105479728","https://openalex.org/W3107235539","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3130259306","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4297573953","https://openalex.org/W4381325153","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6635810480","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6728622933","https://openalex.org/W6729756640","https://openalex.org/W6733645847","https://openalex.org/W6734787559","https://openalex.org/W6736296761","https://openalex.org/W6736640963","https://openalex.org/W6737443998","https://openalex.org/W6739868092","https://openalex.org/W6747819456","https://openalex.org/W6748475379","https://openalex.org/W6752760542","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4310988119","https://openalex.org/W4285226279","https://openalex.org/W2619203976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(CNNs)":[3],"achieve":[4],"remarkable":[5],"performances":[6],"in":[7],"various":[8,148],"areas.":[9],"However,":[10],"adversarial":[11,32,43,59,68,106,140,150],"examples":[12],"threaten":[13],"their":[14],"security.":[15],"They":[16],"are":[17,28,39,64],"designed":[18],"to":[19,22,30,41,66,86,97,123],"mislead":[20],"CNNs":[21],"output":[23],"incorrect":[24],"results.":[25],"Many":[26],"methods":[27,38,143],"proposed":[29,135],"detect":[31,67],"examples.":[33],"Unfortunately,":[34],"most":[35],"detection-based":[36],"defense":[37],"vulnerable":[40],"second-round":[42,58,105,149],"attacks,":[44,60],"which":[45],"can":[46],"simultaneously":[47],"deceive":[48],"the":[49,53,99,125,134,138],"base":[50],"model":[51,136],"and":[52,102,144],"detector.":[54],"To":[55,108],"resist":[56],"such":[57,71],"handcrafted":[61,88,116,128],"steganalysis":[62],"features":[63,89,92,111],"introduced":[65],"examples,":[69],"while":[70],"a":[72,94],"method":[73],"receives":[74],"low":[75],"accuracy":[76,101],"at":[77],"detecting":[78],"sparse":[79],"perturbations.":[80],"In":[81],"this":[82],"article,":[83],"we":[84,118],"propose":[85,119],"combine":[87],"with":[90],"deep":[91,110],"via":[93],"fusion":[95],"scheme":[96],"increase":[98],"detection":[100,142],"defend":[103],"against":[104],"attacks.":[107,151],"avoid":[109],"being":[112],"overwhelmed":[113],"by":[114],"high-dimensional":[115],"features,":[117],"an":[120],"expansion-then-reduction":[121],"process":[122],"compress":[124],"dimensionality":[126],"of":[127],"features.":[129],"Experimental":[130],"results":[131],"show":[132],"that":[133],"outperforms":[137],"state-of-the-art":[139],"example":[141],"remains":[145],"robust":[146],"under":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
