{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205370697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2021.3135797","title":"Perturbed Composite Attention Model for Macular Optical Coherence Tomography Image Classification","display_name":"Perturbed Composite Attention Model for Macular Optical Coherence Tomography Image Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205370697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2021.3135797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tai.2021.3135797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2021.3135797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169448","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2691-4581","issn":["2691-4581"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048131385","display_name":"Sapna S. Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5304-7131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99729588","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar","ror":"https://ror.org/04gx72j20","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99729588"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sapna S. Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5304-7131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99729588"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103131008","display_name":"Bappaditya Mandal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2978-8618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56007636","display_name":"Keele University","ror":"https://ror.org/00340yn33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bappaditya Mandal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University, Keele, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2978-8618","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University, Keele, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086045014","display_name":"Niladri B. Puhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5932-1579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99729588","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar","ror":"https://ror.org/04gx72j20","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99729588"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niladri B. Puhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5932-1579","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99729588"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0294,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8715384,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"625","last_page":"635"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coherence-tomography","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","score":0.7642332315444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.679182231426239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6733555197715759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6162835955619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5873380899429321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5568700432777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.5253759622573853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macular-degeneration","display_name":"Macular degeneration","score":0.5075823068618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45733362436294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.44281625747680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4098215699195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.3127724826335907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.1577150821685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1441752016544342}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899552","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","level":2,"score":0.7642332315444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.679182231426239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6733555197715759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6162835955619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5873380899429321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5568700432777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.5253759622573853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776403814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27429789","display_name":"Macular degeneration","level":2,"score":0.5075823068618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45733362436294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.44281625747680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4098215699195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3127724826335907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.1577150821685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1441752016544342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tai.2021.3135797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2021.3135797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169448","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2691-4581","issn":["2691-4581"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165009919","https://openalex.org/W1895539857","https://openalex.org/W1978478291","https://openalex.org/W1990558727","https://openalex.org/W2013754472","https://openalex.org/W2035310463","https://openalex.org/W2074798063","https://openalex.org/W2100756624","https://openalex.org/W2107826392","https://openalex.org/W2118615399","https://openalex.org/W2122333898","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2268996142","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2329937427","https://openalex.org/W2418802570","https://openalex.org/W2546844354","https://openalex.org/W2570893893","https://openalex.org/W2574964908","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2769254490","https://openalex.org/W2773475231","https://openalex.org/W2788633781","https://openalex.org/W2790301353","https://openalex.org/W2798413309","https://openalex.org/W2803469628","https://openalex.org/W2808730081","https://openalex.org/W2899156985","https://openalex.org/W2902809364","https://openalex.org/W2910179937","https://openalex.org/W2914016683","https://openalex.org/W2946303964","https://openalex.org/W2955058313","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2966909379","https://openalex.org/W2971688562","https://openalex.org/W2981458349","https://openalex.org/W2985431718","https://openalex.org/W2997662364","https://openalex.org/W3039115681","https://openalex.org/W3048653896","https://openalex.org/W3134736546","https://openalex.org/W3198146315","https://openalex.org/W4237713631","https://openalex.org/W6633802082","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6679434410","https://openalex.org/W6684821475","https://openalex.org/W6739901393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107204728","https://openalex.org/W4287591324","https://openalex.org/W4226420367","https://openalex.org/W2980176872","https://openalex.org/W2962876041","https://openalex.org/W3095152779","https://openalex.org/W3119773509","https://openalex.org/W3128220219","https://openalex.org/W3006353185","https://openalex.org/W2894954915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"a":[5,10],"deep":[6],"architecture":[7,99,138],"stemming":[8],"from":[9,64],"perturbed":[11,23,92],"composite":[12,93],"attention":[13,20,25,29,49,94],"mechanism":[14,95],"with":[15],"the":[16,48,54,68,71,74,77,87,97,114,155,178],"following":[17],"two":[18],"novel":[19],"modules:":[21],"Multilevel":[22],"spatial":[24,81],"(MPSA)":[26],"and":[27,60,130,151,159,169],"multidimension":[28],"(MDA)":[30],"for":[31],"macular":[32,118,123,127,166],"optical":[33],"coherence":[34],"tomography":[35],"(OCT)":[36],"image":[37],"(scan)":[38],"classification.":[39],"MPSA":[40],"is":[41],"designed":[42],"by":[43],"adding":[44],"positive":[45],"perturbations":[46],"to":[47,100],"layers,":[50],"thereby":[51],"amplifying":[52],"both":[53],"salient":[55],"regions":[56],"of":[57,67,80,86,109,117,147],"input":[58],"images":[59],"discriminative":[61],"features":[62,105],"obtained":[63],"intermediate":[65],"layers":[66],"network.":[69],"On":[70],"other":[72],"hand,":[73],"MDA":[75],"encodes":[76],"normalized":[78],"interdependency":[79],"information":[82],"among":[83],"various":[84],"channels":[85],"extracted":[88],"feature":[89,110],"maps.":[90],"The":[91,134],"enables":[96],"new":[98],"automatically":[101],"extract":[102],"relevant":[103],"diagnostic":[104],"at":[106],"different":[107],"levels":[108],"representation":[111],"resulting":[112],"in":[113],"superior":[115],"classification":[116],"diseases":[119],"such":[120,144],"as":[121,145],"age-related":[122],"degeneration":[124],"(AMD),":[125],"diabetic":[126],"edema":[128],"(DME),":[129],"choroidal":[131],"neovascularization":[132],"(CNV).":[133],"proposed":[135,175],"end-to-end":[136],"trainable":[137],"does":[139],"not":[140],"require":[141],"preprocessing":[142],"steps,":[143],"region":[146],"interest":[148],"extraction,":[149],"denoising,":[150],"retinal":[152],"flattening,":[153],"making":[154],"network":[156,176],"more":[157],"robust":[158],"fully":[160],"automatic.":[161],"Experimental":[162],"results":[163],"on":[164],"three":[165],"OCT":[167],"datasets":[168],"ablation":[170],"studies":[171],"show":[172],"that":[173],"our":[174],"outperforms":[177],"current":[179],"state-of-the-art":[180],"methodologies.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
