{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155915840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2003.1250195","title":"Using a test-to-speech synthesizer to generate a reverse Turing test","display_name":"Using a test-to-speech synthesizer to generate a reverse Turing test","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155915840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2003.1250195","mag":"2155915840"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tai.2003.1250195","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2003.1250195","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 15th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110260732","display_name":"Tsz-Yan Chan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tsz-Yan Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110260732"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.926,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93981232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"226","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turing-test","display_name":"Turing test","score":0.9418348073959351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/captcha","display_name":"CAPTCHA","score":0.9055119752883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8009192943572998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6168140769004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5371943116188049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.45898139476776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turing","display_name":"Turing","score":0.4564431309700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.4323440194129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37487006187438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.33291035890579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07912620902061462}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C577917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189223","display_name":"Turing test","level":2,"score":0.9418348073959351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163339463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484598","display_name":"CAPTCHA","level":2,"score":0.9055119752883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8009192943572998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6168140769004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5371943116188049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45898139476776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9870796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490481","display_name":"Turing","level":2,"score":0.4564431309700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.4323440194129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37487006187438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.33291035890579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07912620902061462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tai.2003.1250195","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2003.1250195","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 15th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W289804034","https://openalex.org/W2072410439","https://openalex.org/W2151484683","https://openalex.org/W3085162807","https://openalex.org/W3185331895"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312500010","https://openalex.org/W2086464669","https://openalex.org/W2313567600","https://openalex.org/W2965099444","https://openalex.org/W1999034556","https://openalex.org/W1998496804","https://openalex.org/W2910114670","https://openalex.org/W1991242267","https://openalex.org/W3144744384","https://openalex.org/W33990236"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recognition":[0],"of":[1,21,33,46,58,68,82,133,143],"synthesized":[2,23,34,84],"speech":[3,85],"by":[4],"a":[5,14,37,47,69,77,116,134],"diphone":[6],"synthesizer":[7],"is":[8,50],"thought":[9],"to":[10,17,75,99,109,139],"be":[11,76],"easy":[12],"for":[13],"machine":[15],"due":[16],"the":[18,22,30,44,56,66,80,130,141],"small":[19],"variation":[20],"speech.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26,97],"paper,":[27],"we":[28,128],"report":[29],"recognition":[31,62],"rate":[32],"utterances":[35],"in":[36,55,79],"noisy":[38],"environment.":[39],"Our":[40],"experiments":[41],"show":[42],"that":[43],"performance":[45,67],"HMM":[48],"recognizer":[49],"not":[51],"too":[52],"bad":[53],"even":[54],"presence":[57],"background":[59,87],"noise.":[60],"These":[61],"results":[63,94],"nearly":[64],"approach":[65],"human.":[70],"Thus,":[71],"although":[72],"there":[73],"seems":[74],"gap":[78,98],"ability":[81],"understanding":[83],"with":[86],"noise":[88],"between":[89],"humans":[90,113,125],"and":[91,112,124,136],"computers,":[92],"our":[93,144],"discourage":[95],"using":[96],"build":[100],"an":[101],"audio-based":[102],"CAPTCHA":[103],"(completely":[104],"automated":[105],"public":[106],"Turing":[107,118],"test":[108,119],"tell":[110,122],"computers":[111,123],"apart)":[114],"(i.e.,":[115],"reverse":[117],"which":[120],"can":[121],"apart).":[126],"Moreover,":[127],"explored":[129],"possible":[131],"use":[132],"classification":[135],"regression":[137],"tree":[138],"control":[140],"hardness":[142],"CAPTCHA.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}