{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7091447115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2025.3619161","title":"Preparing the Heart for Duty: Virtual Reality Biofeedback in an Arousing Action Game Improves in-Action Voluntary Heart Rate Variability Control in Experienced Police","display_name":"Preparing the Heart for Duty: Virtual Reality Biofeedback in an Arousing Action Game Improves in-Action Voluntary Heart Rate Variability Control in Experienced Police","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7091447115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2025.3619161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2025.3619161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2025.3619161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Abele Michela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8471-9562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abele Michela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Behavioral Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8471-9562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Behavioral Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jacobien M. van Peer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-8067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacobien M. van Peer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Behavioral Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-8067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Behavioral Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Robert Oostenveld","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Oostenveld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wendy Dorrestijn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendy Dorrestijn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Law, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Annika S. Smit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7267-8713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105613","display_name":"Politieacademie","ror":"https://ror.org/01htwz965","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105613"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annika S. Smit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Police Academy of The Netherlands, Apeldoorn, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7267-8713","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Police Academy of The Netherlands, Apeldoorn, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Isabela Granic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabela Granic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Social Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Social Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Karin Roelofs","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karin Roelofs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Floris Klumpers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0631-5789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Floris Klumpers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0631-5789","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0311,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84162266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"426","last_page":"437"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.8614000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.8614000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.019500000402331352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofeedback","display_name":"Biofeedback","score":0.8885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"Heart rate variability","score":0.7847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arousal","display_name":"Arousal","score":0.6633999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.5875999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurofeedback","display_name":"Neurofeedback","score":0.42010000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","score":0.39489999413490295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776377089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864329","display_name":"Biofeedback","level":2,"score":0.8885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.7847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36951298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379784","display_name":"Arousal","level":2,"score":0.6633999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6413000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5875999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.459199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2434490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1306920","display_name":"Neurofeedback","level":3,"score":0.42010000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4120999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23677625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428943","display_name":"Psychophysiology","level":2,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26077564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1910318","display_name":"Turnover","level":2,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174709020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374347","display_name":"Voluntary action","level":3,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6183727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428559","display_name":"Facial electromyography","level":3,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199068039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574523","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2540999948978424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2025.3619161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2025.3619161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/311785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2066/311785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401067","display_name":"Radboud Repository (Radboud University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","host_organization_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adequate":[0],"control":[1],"over":[2],"evolutionary":[3],"engrained":[4],"bodily":[5],"stress":[6,37,164],"reactions":[7],"is":[8],"essential":[9],"to":[10,35,72,80,84,114,120,133],"avoid":[11],"disproportionate":[12],"responses":[13],"during":[14],"highly":[15,97],"arousing":[16,45],"situations":[17],"in":[18,51,92,100,149,162],"police.":[19],"This":[20,112],"regulation":[21],"can":[22,155],"be":[23],"trained":[24],"via":[25],"heart":[26],"rate":[27],"variability":[28],"(HRV)-biofeedback,":[29],"a":[30,52,134],"widely":[31],"used":[32],"intervention":[33],"aiming":[34],"improve":[36],"regulation,":[38],"but":[39],"typically":[40,65],"conducted":[41],"under":[42,67,77],"passive,":[43],"low":[44],"conditions.":[46],"We":[47],"integrated":[48],"closed-loop":[49],"HRV-biofeedback":[50],"newly":[53],"designed":[54],"engaging":[55,106],"Virtual":[56],"Reality":[57],"(VR)":[58],"action":[59,153],"game":[60,121],"containing":[61],"the":[62,105],"behavioral":[63],"elements":[64],"compromised":[66],"stress.":[68],"Specifically,":[69],"we":[70,128],"aimed":[71],"train":[73,157],"in-action":[74,117],"physiological":[75],"self-control":[76],"high":[78],"arousal":[79],"allow":[81],"improved":[82],"transfer":[83,132],"real-life.":[85],"A":[86],"pre-registered":[87],"(https://osf.io/cdsbx)":[88],"quasi-randomized":[89],"controlled":[90],"trial":[91],"109":[93],"police":[94,161],"trainers":[95],"demonstrated":[96],"significant":[98],"increases":[99],"HRV":[101,118],"(32%":[102],"average),":[103],"through":[104],"and":[107,151],"gamified":[108],"closed":[109],"loop":[110],"biofeedback.":[111],"ability":[113],"voluntarily":[115],"upregulate":[116],"transferred":[119],"sessions":[122],"without":[123],"biofeedback":[124],"(near":[125],"transfer).":[126,142],"Critically,":[127],"could":[129],"additionally":[130],"demonstrate":[131],"professional":[135],"shooting":[136],"performance":[137],"assessment":[138],"outside":[139],"VR":[140],"(far":[141],"These":[143],"results":[144],"suggest":[145],"that":[146],"real":[147],"time-biofeedback":[148],"stressful":[150],"active":[152],"contexts":[154],"help":[156],"professionals":[158],"such":[159],"as":[160],"real-life":[163],"regulation.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-16T00:00:00"}
