{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414348364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2025.3612205","title":"Spoken in Jest, Detected in Earnest: A Systematic Review of Sarcasm Recognition\u2014Multimodal Fusion, Challenges, and Future Prospects","display_name":"Spoken in Jest, Detected in Earnest: A Systematic Review of Sarcasm Recognition\u2014Multimodal Fusion, Challenges, and Future Prospects","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414348364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2025.3612205"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2025.3612205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2025.3612205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/7bfca04b-7ee3-4412-bbe7-7dc057a562a9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101560145","display_name":"Xiyuan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0870-6721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196758499","display_name":"Fryske Akademy","ror":"https://ror.org/05fcmfe52","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196758499"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiyuan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Campus Frysl&#x00E2;n, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, CE, The Netherlands","Campus Frysl&#x00E2;n, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, CE, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0870-6721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Campus Frysl&#x00E2;n, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, CE, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196758499"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Campus Frysl&#x00E2;n, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, CE, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196758499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001110193","display_name":"Shekhar Nayak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4277-4851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196758499","display_name":"Fryske Akademy","ror":"https://ror.org/05fcmfe52","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196758499"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shekhar Nayak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Campus Frysl&#x00E2;n, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, CE, The Netherlands","Campus Frysl&#x00E2;n, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, CE, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4277-4851","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Campus Frysl&#x00E2;n, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, CE, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196758499"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Campus Frysl&#x00E2;n, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, CE, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196758499"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090819693","display_name":"Matt Coler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-5063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196758499","display_name":"Fryske Akademy","ror":"https://ror.org/05fcmfe52","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196758499"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Coler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Campus Frysl&#x00E2;n, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, CE, The Netherlands","Campus Frysl&#x00E2;n, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, CE, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-5063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Campus Frysl&#x00E2;n, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, CE, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196758499"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Campus Frysl&#x00E2;n, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, CE, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196758499"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101560145"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196758499"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3906,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92677267,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"2526","last_page":"2544"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sarcasm","display_name":"Sarcasm","score":0.9958999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affective-computing","display_name":"Affective computing","score":0.357699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politeness","display_name":"Politeness","score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irony","display_name":"Irony","score":0.3276999890804291}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776207355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191035","display_name":"Sarcasm","level":3,"score":0.9958999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46950000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45809999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4278999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3935999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6438553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Affective computing","level":2,"score":0.357699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61123122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281287","display_name":"Politeness","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779975665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131361","display_name":"Irony","level":2,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11693617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181839","display_name":"Pragmatics","level":2,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776230583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322198","display_name":"Spoken language","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.26109999418258667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2025.3612205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2025.3612205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire/7bfca04b-7ee3-4412-bbe7-7dc057a562a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/7bfca04b-7ee3-4412-bbe7-7dc057a562a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gao, X, Nayak, S & Coler, M 2025, 'Spoken in jest, detected in earnest : A systematic review of sarcasm recognition - multimodal fusion, challenges, and future prospects ', IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 2526-2544. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAFFC.2025.3612205","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire_cris_publications/7bfca04b-7ee3-4412-bbe7-7dc057a562a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11370/7bfca04b-7ee3-4412-bbe7-7dc057a562a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gao, X, Nayak, S & Coler, M 2025, 'Spoken in jest, detected in earnest : A systematic review of sarcasm recognition - multimodal fusion, challenges, and future prospects ', IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 2526-2544. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAFFC.2025.3612205","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire/7bfca04b-7ee3-4412-bbe7-7dc057a562a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/7bfca04b-7ee3-4412-bbe7-7dc057a562a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gao, X, Nayak, S & Coler, M 2025, 'Spoken in jest, detected in earnest : A systematic review of sarcasm recognition - multimodal fusion, challenges, and future prospects ', IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 2526-2544. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAFFC.2025.3612205","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sarcasm,":[0],"a":[1,198,203],"common":[2],"feature":[3,121,149],"of":[4,21,48,66,88,148,163,194],"human":[5,90],"communication,":[6],"poses":[7],"challenges":[8],"in":[9,27,33,51,59,139,144],"interpersonal":[10],"interactions":[11,78],"and":[12,31,84,123,126,160,185],"human-machine":[13],"interactions.":[14,97],"Linguistic":[15],"research":[16,133],"has":[17,40,54],"highlighted":[18],"the":[19,46,63,102,111,146,161,178,192],"importance":[20,65,193],"prosodic":[22],"cues,":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25,189,191,197],"variations":[26],"pitch,":[28],"speaking":[29],"rate,":[30],"intonation,":[32],"conveying":[34],"sarcastic":[35],"intent.":[36],"Although":[37],"previous":[38],"work":[39],"focused":[41],"on":[42,106,183],"text-based":[43,204],"sarcasm":[44,53,72,108,142,187,196],"detection,":[45],"role":[47],"speech":[49,60,68],"data":[50,69],"recognizing":[52],"been":[55],"underexplored.":[56],"Recent":[57],"advancements":[58],"technology":[61],"emphasize":[62],"growing":[64],"leveraging":[67],"for":[70,79,141,180],"automatic":[71],"recognition,":[73,109,188],"which":[74],"can":[75],"enhance":[76],"social":[77],"individuals":[80],"with":[81],"neurodegenerative":[82],"conditions":[83],"improve":[85],"machine":[86],"understanding":[87],"complex":[89],"language":[91],"use,":[92],"leading":[93],"to":[94,104,115,128,156,169],"more":[95],"nuanced":[96],"This":[98],"systematic":[99],"review":[100],"is":[101],"first":[103],"focus":[105],"speech-based":[107],"charting":[110],"evolution":[112,147],"from":[113,152,166],"unimodal":[114,167],"multimodal":[116,170,199],"approaches.":[117],"It":[118],"covers":[119],"datasets,":[120],"extraction,":[122],"classification":[124,164],"methods,":[125],"aims":[127],"bridge":[129],"gaps":[130],"across":[131],"diverse":[132],"domains.":[134],"The":[135],"findings":[136],"include":[137],"limitations":[138],"datasets":[140],"recognition":[143],"speech,":[145],"extraction":[150],"techniques":[151],"traditional":[153],"acoustic":[154],"features":[155],"deep":[157],"learning-based":[158],"representations,":[159],"progression":[162],"methods":[165],"approaches":[168],"fusion":[171],"techniques.":[172],"In":[173],"so":[174],"doing,":[175],"we":[176],"identify":[177],"need":[179],"greater":[181],"emphasis":[182],"cross-cultural":[184],"multilingual":[186],"well":[190],"addressing":[195],"phenomenon,":[200],"rather":[201],"than":[202],"challenge.<br/>":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-14T08:36:36.166977","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}