{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391661536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2024.3352424","title":"Novel VR-Based Biofeedback Systems: A Comparison Between Heart Rate Variability- and Electrodermal Activity-Driven Approaches","display_name":"Novel VR-Based Biofeedback Systems: A Comparison Between Heart Rate Variability- and Electrodermal Activity-Driven Approaches","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391661536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2024.3352424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2024.3352424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2024.3352424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1234969","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013129911","display_name":"Andrea Baldini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2003-7604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300504238","display_name":"Piaggio (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00r254y42","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300504238"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Baldini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, and Research Center &#x201C;E. Piaggio&#x201D;, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2003-7604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, and Research Center &#x201C;E. Piaggio&#x201D;, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300504238","https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014155063","display_name":"Elisabetta Patron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-9290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisabetta Patron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-9290","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014470027","display_name":"Claudio Gentili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2579-8755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Gentili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy","Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2579-8755","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007174065","display_name":"Enzo Pasquale Scilingo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2588-4917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300504238","display_name":"Piaggio (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00r254y42","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300504238"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enzo Pasquale Scilingo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, and Research Center &#x201C;E. Piaggio&#x201D;, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2588-4917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, and Research Center &#x201C;E. Piaggio&#x201D;, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300504238","https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088619985","display_name":"Alberto Greco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4822-5562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300504238","display_name":"Piaggio (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00r254y42","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300504238"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Greco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, and Research Center &#x201C;E. Piaggio&#x201D;, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4822-5562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, and Research Center &#x201C;E. Piaggio&#x201D;, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300504238","https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2649,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92462032,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"1580","last_page":"1589"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11334","display_name":"Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofeedback","display_name":"Biofeedback","score":0.768348217010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"Anxiety","score":0.7547183632850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"Heart rate variability","score":0.6567283272743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.5490003228187561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-conductance","display_name":"Skin conductance","score":0.4853857755661011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.46545201539993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4499083161354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.44464296102523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.4434340298175812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.4433956444263458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tonic","display_name":"Tonic (physiology)","score":0.41943174600601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.409884512424469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.39798253774642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.3386916518211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"Blood pressure","score":0.21296802163124084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.18744128942489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.13617581129074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.10739254951477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.10086715221405029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.08198067545890808}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776377089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864329","display_name":"Biofeedback","level":2,"score":0.768348217010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.7547183632850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.6567283272743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.5490003228187561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111902132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326834","display_name":"Skin conductance","level":2,"score":0.4853857755661011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.46545201539993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4499083161354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.44464296102523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.4434340298175812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.4433956444263458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127573956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7821376","display_name":"Tonic (physiology)","level":2,"score":0.41943174600601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.409884512424469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.39798253774642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.3386916518211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.21296802163124084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.18744128942489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13617581129074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.10739254951477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10086715221405029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.08198067545890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taffc.2024.3352424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2024.3352424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104780363","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","issn_l":"1949-3045","issn":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1234969","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1234969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3508117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3508117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196283","display_name":"Research Padua  Archive (University of Padua)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1234969","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1234969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W148558746","https://openalex.org/W162908134","https://openalex.org/W1551717579","https://openalex.org/W1569173481","https://openalex.org/W1767708321","https://openalex.org/W1786813466","https://openalex.org/W1985560922","https://openalex.org/W1992885237","https://openalex.org/W1993594607","https://openalex.org/W2008245053","https://openalex.org/W2017210051","https://openalex.org/W2044620539","https://openalex.org/W2047050658","https://openalex.org/W2051120938","https://openalex.org/W2051771471","https://openalex.org/W2054198335","https://openalex.org/W2055210002","https://openalex.org/W2066687592","https://openalex.org/W2074959430","https://openalex.org/W2076266962","https://openalex.org/W2077234736","https://openalex.org/W2082227074","https://openalex.org/W2085267184","https://openalex.org/W2089830108","https://openalex.org/W2091314241","https://openalex.org/W2094619115","https://openalex.org/W2108109967","https://openalex.org/W2122552460","https://openalex.org/W2125088063","https://openalex.org/W2136167316","https://openalex.org/W2136213176","https://openalex.org/W2136429434","https://openalex.org/W2143401920","https://openalex.org/W2144855015","https://openalex.org/W2148405318","https://openalex.org/W2169368100","https://openalex.org/W2169456230","https://openalex.org/W2170684975","https://openalex.org/W2202628133","https://openalex.org/W2316244120","https://openalex.org/W2321722607","https://openalex.org/W2329439512","https://openalex.org/W2345621835","https://openalex.org/W2464454355","https://openalex.org/W2604464603","https://openalex.org/W2614024084","https://openalex.org/W2743659827","https://openalex.org/W2759190050","https://openalex.org/W2774309749","https://openalex.org/W2792140820","https://openalex.org/W2890142943","https://openalex.org/W2946624458","https://openalex.org/W2952830462","https://openalex.org/W2953127026","https://openalex.org/W2955556477","https://openalex.org/W2969107163","https://openalex.org/W2973709831","https://openalex.org/W3001147315","https://openalex.org/W3003619301","https://openalex.org/W3013778231","https://openalex.org/W3019210395","https://openalex.org/W3022473435","https://openalex.org/W3043184056","https://openalex.org/W3097508114","https://openalex.org/W3203310594","https://openalex.org/W3215101859","https://openalex.org/W4205208574","https://openalex.org/W4205900283","https://openalex.org/W4206184958","https://openalex.org/W4254099182","https://openalex.org/W4280590540","https://openalex.org/W4310053218","https://openalex.org/W6606097123","https://openalex.org/W6606521804","https://openalex.org/W6637895146","https://openalex.org/W6698781015","https://openalex.org/W6773310991","https://openalex.org/W6776732317"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2827988337","https://openalex.org/W4378966472","https://openalex.org/W2015564162","https://openalex.org/W2414079969","https://openalex.org/W1969326870","https://openalex.org/W4200389320","https://openalex.org/W2013608693","https://openalex.org/W2298934542","https://openalex.org/W2236651944","https://openalex.org/W2941095674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anxiety":[0],"symptoms":[1,18],"are":[2],"important":[3],"contributors":[4],"to":[5,15,30,47,51,64,173],"the":[6,20,34,54,68,76,102,129,137],"global":[7],"health-related":[8],"burden.":[9],"Low-intensity":[10],"interventions":[11],"have":[12],"been":[13],"proposed":[14],"reduce":[16],"anxiety":[17,171,186],"in":[19,61,109,122,143,155,159,168,184],"population.":[21],"Among":[22],"these,":[23],"biofeedback":[24],"(BF)":[25],"offers":[26],"an":[27],"effective":[28,108,182],"approach":[29],"reducing":[31,72,110,144,185],"anxiety.":[32,113,147],"In":[33],"present":[35],"study,":[36],"BF":[37,60,69],"was":[38,106],"integrated":[39],"into":[40],"a":[41,57,123,132,152,165,179],"novel":[42],"virtual":[43],"reality":[44],"(VR)":[45],"architecture":[46],"enhance":[48],"BF's":[49],"effectiveness":[50,138],"i)":[52],"evaluate":[53,99],"feasibility":[55,130],"of":[56,79,91,101,131,139],"VR-based":[58],"single-session":[59,134],"teaching":[62],"participants":[63,116],"self-regulate;":[65],"ii)":[66],"compare":[67],"aiming":[70],"at":[71],"sympathetic":[73,156],"(measured":[74],"though":[75],"tonic":[77],"level":[78],"skin":[80],"conductance,":[81],"SCL)":[82],"versus":[83],"increasing":[84],"cardiac":[85],"vagal":[86],"(i.e.,":[87],"normalized":[88],"high":[89],"frequency":[90],"heart":[92],"rate":[93],"variability,":[94],"HFnu-HRV)":[95],"activation,":[96],"and":[97,120,136,158,181],"iii)":[98],"which":[100],"two":[103],"VR-BF":[104,135,141,150,177],"single-sessions":[105],"most":[107],"perceived":[111,145,169],"state":[112,146,170],"20":[114],"healthy":[115],"underwent":[117],"both":[118,140],"SCL-":[119],"HFnu-based":[121,174],"single":[124],"session":[125],"VR-BF.":[126,175],"Results":[127],"showed":[128],"short":[133],"sessions":[142],"Moreover,":[148],"SCL-based":[149,176],"determined":[151],"significant":[153],"reduction":[154,167],"activation":[157],"sympathovagal":[160],"balance":[161],"as":[162,164],"well":[163],"greater":[166],"compared":[172],"represents":[178],"safe":[180],"intervention":[183],"while":[187],"enhancing":[188],"adaptive":[189],"psychophysiological":[190],"activation.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2024-02-09T00:00:00"}
